Pain, Fever & Arthritis

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Aceclofenac Tablets (100mg, 200mg Sustained Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid-derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List framework. It exhibits preferential inhibition of the COX-2 isoenzyme over COX-1, dramatically reducing synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and PGE2, while stimulating synthesis of extracellular cartilage matrix components (glycosaminoglycans) in articular cartilage. Indicated for symptomatic relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute musculoskeletal pain.

Aspirin Gastro-Resistant Tablets (150mg) is an acetylated salicylate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It irreversibly acetylates the serine 529 residue of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), permanently suppressing platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) generation for the entire lifespan of the platelet (7-10 days). Enteric coating bypasses the stomach to dissolve in the alkaline duodenum, minimizing direct contact gastric mucosal injury. Indicated for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and unstable angina.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg) and Chlorzoxazone (250mg) Tablets is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and analgesic combination. Chlorzoxazone inhibits multi-synaptic reflex arcs in the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain, relieving painful skeletal muscle spasms. Paracetamol acts centrally to alleviate associated pain and discomfort. Indicated for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions, muscle spasms, lumbago, torticollis, and strain/sprain trauma.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Diclofenac Sodium Injection (25mg/ml, 75mg/3ml) is a parenteral phenylacetic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to block prostaglandin synthesis. Indicated for acute severe pain, renal colic, biliary colic, acute postoperative pain, and severe trauma.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Etoricoxib Tablets (90mg, 120mg) is an oral, second-generation, highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It displays an exceptional in vitro COX-2 to COX-1 selectivity ratio of approximately 106:1, potently suppressing pro-inflammatory prostaglandin synthesis without inhibiting protective COX-1 in gastric mucosa or platelets. Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (30-60 mg daily), rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (60-90 mg daily), acute gouty arthritis (120 mg once daily for up to 8 days), and postoperative dental pain (90 mg once daily for up to 3 days).

Etoricoxib Tablets (90mg, 120mg) is an oral, second-generation, highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It displays an exceptional in vitro COX-2 to COX-1 selectivity ratio of approximately 106:1, potently suppressing pro-inflammatory prostaglandin synthesis without inhibiting protective COX-1 in gastric mucosa or platelets. Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (30-60 mg daily), rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (60-90 mg daily), acute gouty arthritis (120 mg once daily for up to 8 days), and postoperative dental pain (90 mg once daily for up to 3 days).

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Ibuprofen Tablets (200mg, 400mg) is an oral propionic acid derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly and non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes, blocking synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Displays the most favorable gastrointestinal toxicity profile among non-selective NSAIDs at OTC analgesic doses (<=1200 mg/day). Indicated for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, dental pain, dysmenorrhea, backache), fever, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Ibuprofen Tablets (200mg, 400mg) is an oral propionic acid derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly and non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes, blocking synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Displays the most favorable gastrointestinal toxicity profile among non-selective NSAIDs at OTC analgesic doses (<=1200 mg/day). Indicated for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, dental pain, dysmenorrhea, backache), fever, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Indomethacin Capsules (25mg) is a methylated indole derivative NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is one of the most potent non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2) inhibitors available, powerfully suppressing prostaglandin synthesis, inhibiting leukocyte motility, and reducing cerebral blood flow. Indicated for acute gouty arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, severe osteoarthritis, acute bursitis/tendinitis, and paroxysmal hemicrania / hemicrania continua (indomethacin-responsive headaches).

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Nimesulide Tablets (100mg; alone or with Paracetamol 325mg, Chlorzoxazone, or Serratiopeptidase) is a sulfonanilide NSAID on the PMBI formulary with preferential COX-2 inhibitory activity. It selectively inhibits COX-2, scavenges reactive oxygen species, and inhibits cartilage-degrading metalloproteinases with rapid analgesic onset (~15-30 minutes). Indicated for short-term treatment of acute inflammatory pain, primary dysmenorrhea, and acute musculoskeletal trauma.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Pentazocine Injection (30mg/ml) is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic on the WHO Model List framework. It acts as an agonist at kappa-opioid receptors (producing spinal analgesia, sedation, and dysphoria) and a weak partial agonist or antagonist at mu-opioid receptors. It increases blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance due to catecholamine release. Indicated for relief of moderate-to-severe pain, preoperative/pre-anesthetic sedation, and supplement to surgical anesthesia.

Serratiopeptidase Tablets 10 mg is an established pharmaceutical agent in the Pain, Fever & Arthritis category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, or chondroprotective relief according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Tramadol Hydrochloride Injection (50mg/ml, 100mg/2ml) is an injectable central opioid analgesic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to mu-opioid receptors and inhibits neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in spinal cord dorsal horn synapses. Indicated for moderate-to-severe acute pain, post-operative surgical pain, renal colic, and severe trauma pain where oral administration is unfeasible.

Tramadol Hydrochloride Injection (50mg/ml, 100mg/2ml) is an injectable central opioid analgesic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to mu-opioid receptors and inhibits neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in spinal cord dorsal horn synapses. Indicated for moderate-to-severe acute pain, post-operative surgical pain, renal colic, and severe trauma pain where oral administration is unfeasible.

Tramadol Hydrochloride Tablets (50mg, 100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral centrally acting synthetic atypical opioid analgesic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts a dual synergistic mechanism: parent drug and its active M1 metabolite bind to mu-opioid receptors, while parent tramadol inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, enhancing descending spinal inhibition. Indicated for management of moderate-to-moderately-severe acute and chronic pain.

Allopurinol Tablets (100mg) is a purine analogue xanthine oxidase inhibitor on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It and its active long-lived metabolite oxypurinol act as substrate analogues for xanthine oxidase, competitively and non-competitively inhibiting the enzymatic oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid. This profoundly reduces serum and urinary uric acid levels, halts monosodium urate crystal precipitation, dissolves existing tophi, and prevents recurrent gouty attacks. Indicated for long-term management of hyperuricemia in gout, recurrent calcium oxalate/uric acid nephrolithiasis, and prevention of tumor lysis syndrome during cancer chemotherapy.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (10mg) and Mefenamic Acid (250mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose antispasmodic and fenamate NSAID combination. Dicyclomine relieves visceral smooth muscle spasms via antimuscarinic action and direct musculotropic relaxation; mefenamic acid inhibits cyclooxygenase and antagonizes prostaglandin receptors, eliminating pelvic pain and cramping. Indicated for severe spasmodic dysmenorrhea, intestinal colic, and spastic abdominal pain.

Paracetamol (162.5mg/325mg) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (18.75mg/37.5mg) Tablets is a synergistic, multi-mechanistic analgesic combination on the WHO Model List framework for moderate-to-severe pain. Tramadol acts as a weak mu-opioid receptor agonist while simultaneously inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) in the descending spinal pain inhibitory pathways. Paracetamol acts centrally to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and activate descending serotonergic pathways. Combining them produces additive analgesia at lower individual doses with faster onset (paracetamol ~30 min) and extended duration (tramadol 6-8 hours). Indicated for management of moderate-to-severe acute pain, postoperative pain, acute musculoskeletal trauma, and severe osteoarthritis flares.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Piroxicam Capsules / Dispersible Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral oxicam-class non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Characterized by a very long elimination half-life (~50 hours), allowing once-daily dosing. Dispersible tablets disintegrate rapidly in water for easy administration. Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Mefenamic Acid Tablets (250mg, 500mg) and Suspension (100mg/5ml) is an oral fenamate NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It exhibits a unique dual mechanism of action: it inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2) to block prostaglandin synthesis, and directly antagonizes prostaglandin EP receptors on myometrial and vascular smooth muscle, providing superior relief from uterine hypercontractility and menorrhagia. Indicated for relief of primary dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), mild-to-moderate postoperative and dental pain, and headache.

Aceclofenac Tablets (100mg, 200mg Sustained Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid-derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List framework. It exhibits preferential inhibition of the COX-2 isoenzyme over COX-1, dramatically reducing synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and PGE2, while stimulating synthesis of extracellular cartilage matrix components (glycosaminoglycans) in articular cartilage. Indicated for symptomatic relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute musculoskeletal pain.

Aceclofenac (100mg) and Thiocolchicoside (4mg/8mg, with or without Paracetamol 325mg) Tablets is a potent muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory combination. Aceclofenac inhibits COX-2-mediated prostaglandin synthesis, reducing joint and tissue inflammation. Thiocolchicoside is a semi-synthetic sulfur derivative of colchicoside that acts as a competitive antagonist at GABA-A and glycine receptors, exerting central muscle relaxant action to eliminate painful muscle contractures without causing heavy sedative drowsiness. Indicated for acute painful musculoskeletal conditions, acute lumbago, cervical radiculopathy, sprains, spasms, and post-traumatic muscle contractures.

Baclofen Tablets (10mg, 20mg Extended Release Gastric Retentive System) is an oral centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and antispasticity agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is a synthetic chemical analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that selectively activates G-protein-coupled presynaptic GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord. This stimulates hyperpolarization by increasing potassium conductance and inhibits calcium influx, reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate) and dampening mono- and polysynaptic spinal reflexes. Indicated for alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord trauma, transverse myelitis, and motor neuron disease.

Ketorolac Tromethamine Tablets / Dispersible Tablets (10mg) is an oral pyrrolizine carboxylic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List framework for short-term continuation therapy following IV ketorolac. It exerts potent analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory action via cyclooxygenase inhibition. Indicated ONLY as continuation therapy to parenteral ketorolac for moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain, for a total combined duration not exceeding 5 days.

Tramadol Hydrochloride Tablets (50mg, 100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral centrally acting synthetic atypical opioid analgesic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts a dual synergistic mechanism: parent drug and its active M1 metabolite bind to mu-opioid receptors, while parent tramadol inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, enhancing descending spinal inhibition. Indicated for management of moderate-to-moderately-severe acute and chronic pain.

Alfacalcidol Soft Gelatin Capsules (0.25 mcg) is an oral synthetic prodrug of active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It possesses 1-alpha hydroxylation and requires only hepatic 25-hydroxylation (by CYP2R1) to become fully active calcitriol, completely bypassing the renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase step which is impaired in renal disease. It binds to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), powerfully stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and promoting bone mineralization. Indicated for renal osteodystrophy in chronic kidney disease, hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism, nutritional/malabsorptive rickets, and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Naproxen Tablets (250mg, 500mg) is an oral propionic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, suppressing prostaglandin synthesis. Due to its long elimination half-life (12 to 17 hours), it provides sustained 24-hour platelet inhibition, conferring the most favorable cardiovascular safety profile among all traditional NSAIDs. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gout, acute tendinitis, bursitis, and primary dysmenorrhea.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg), Phenylephrine (10mg), and Chlorpheniramine Maleate (2mg) Tablets is a triple-action cold, sinus, and flu combination. Paracetamol relieves headache, body aches, sore throat, and fever. Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that constricts swollen nasal mucosal blood vessels, relieving nasal and sinus congestion. Chlorpheniramine is a first-generation H1-antihistamine that blocks histamine receptors, drying rhinorrhea and eliminating sneezing and watery eyes. Indicated for symptomatic relief of common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and influenza symptoms.

Cetirizine (5mg), Phenylephrine (10mg), and Paracetamol (325mg) Tablets is a cold and sinus formula combining an analgesic/antipyretic with a second-generation H1-antihistamine and a sympathomimetic nasal decongestant. Relieves pain, fever, nasal obstruction, sneezing, and ocular pruritus associated with upper respiratory tract infections and allergic rhinitis with minimal sedation compared to first-generation antihistamines.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg) and Chlorzoxazone (250mg) Tablets is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and analgesic combination. Chlorzoxazone inhibits multi-synaptic reflex arcs in the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain, relieving painful skeletal muscle spasms. Paracetamol acts centrally to alleviate associated pain and discomfort. Indicated for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions, muscle spasms, lumbago, torticollis, and strain/sprain trauma.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg) and Chlorzoxazone (250mg) Tablets is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and analgesic combination. Chlorzoxazone inhibits multi-synaptic reflex arcs in the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain, relieving painful skeletal muscle spasms. Paracetamol acts centrally to alleviate associated pain and discomfort. Indicated for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions, muscle spasms, lumbago, torticollis, and strain/sprain trauma.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Piroxicam Capsules / Dispersible Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral oxicam-class non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Characterized by a very long elimination half-life (~50 hours), allowing once-daily dosing. Dispersible tablets disintegrate rapidly in water for easy administration. Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Piroxicam Capsules / Dispersible Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral oxicam-class non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Characterized by a very long elimination half-life (~50 hours), allowing once-daily dosing. Dispersible tablets disintegrate rapidly in water for easy administration. Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Piroxicam Injection (20mg, 40mg with Benzyl Alcohol) is a parenteral oxicam-class NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 and suppresses neutrophil activation. Indicated for acute relief of severe exacerbations of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute musculoskeletal pain when oral dosing is unfeasible.

Piroxicam Injection (20mg, 40mg with Benzyl Alcohol) is a parenteral oxicam-class NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 and suppresses neutrophil activation. Indicated for acute relief of severe exacerbations of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute musculoskeletal pain when oral dosing is unfeasible.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Etodolac Tablets (300mg) is an oral pyranocarboxylic acid NSAID with preferential COX-2 selectivity on the WHO Model List framework. It selectively inhibits COX-2 over COX-1, providing effective articular anti-inflammatory action with lower incidence of gastroduodenal mucosal injury compared to non-selective agents. Indicated for acute and long-term management of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and acute mild-to-moderate pain.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Febuxostat Tablets (40mg, 80mg) is an oral non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It achieves potent, durable inhibition by binding directly into the channel leading to the molybdenum pterin active center of both the oxidized and reduced forms of xanthine oxidase, with virtually zero inhibition of other enzymes involved in purine or pyrimidine metabolism. Unlike allopurinol, it is predominantly metabolized by hepatic glucuronidation and oxidation, requiring no dose adjustments in mild-to-moderate renal impairment. Indicated for chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have had an inadequate response to or intolerance of allopurinol.

Febuxostat Tablets (40mg, 80mg) is an oral non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It achieves potent, durable inhibition by binding directly into the channel leading to the molybdenum pterin active center of both the oxidized and reduced forms of xanthine oxidase, with virtually zero inhibition of other enzymes involved in purine or pyrimidine metabolism. Unlike allopurinol, it is predominantly metabolized by hepatic glucuronidation and oxidation, requiring no dose adjustments in mild-to-moderate renal impairment. Indicated for chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have had an inadequate response to or intolerance of allopurinol.

Leflunomide Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral isoxazole-derivative disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is rapidly converted in the gut wall and liver to its active metabolite teriflunomide (A77 1726), which reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the key mitochondrial enzyme in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Because activated, proliferating autoimmune T- and B-lymphocytes depend on de novo pyrimidine generation (unlike resting cells which use the salvage pathway), leflunomide selectively halts autoimmune lymphocyte proliferation and joint inflammation. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis and active Psoriatic Arthritis.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Tizanidine Tablets (2mg) is an oral centrally acting imidazoline-derivative alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist on the WHO Model List framework. It binds to presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord, reducing facilitation of spinal motor neurons and suppressing polysynaptic reflexes, relieving muscle hypertonia and spasms without causing significant muscle weakness. Indicated for painful muscle spasms associated with spinal disorders, torticollis, lumbago, and spasticity in multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.

Zoledronic Acid Injection (4mg/100ml, 5mg/100ml) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds avidly to hydroxyapatite crystals in mineralized bone matrix and is internalized by active osteoclasts, where it potently inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This prevents prenylation of small GTPases (Rho, Rac, Rab), causing loss of osteoclast ruffled borders, cytoskeletal collapse, and osteoclast apoptosis, powerfully arresting bone resorption. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men (5 mg annual IV infusion), Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), and prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors or multiple myeloma (4 mg every 3-4 weeks).

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Mefenamic Acid Tablets (250mg, 500mg) and Suspension (100mg/5ml) is an oral fenamate NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It exhibits a unique dual mechanism of action: it inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2) to block prostaglandin synthesis, and directly antagonizes prostaglandin EP receptors on myometrial and vascular smooth muscle, providing superior relief from uterine hypercontractility and menorrhagia. Indicated for relief of primary dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), mild-to-moderate postoperative and dental pain, and headache.

Mefenamic Acid Tablets (250mg, 500mg) and Suspension (100mg/5ml) is an oral fenamate NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It exhibits a unique dual mechanism of action: it inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2) to block prostaglandin synthesis, and directly antagonizes prostaglandin EP receptors on myometrial and vascular smooth muscle, providing superior relief from uterine hypercontractility and menorrhagia. Indicated for relief of primary dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), mild-to-moderate postoperative and dental pain, and headache.

Ketorolac Tromethamine Injection (30mg/ml) is a parenteral pyrrolo-pyrrole NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides powerful non-opioid analgesia comparable to therapeutic doses of morphine by potently inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 without causing respiratory depression, sedation, or bowel hypomotility. Indicated for short-term management (up to 5 days only) of moderate-to-severe acute postoperative surgical pain.

Drotaverine Hydrochloride (80mg) and Aceclofenac (100mg) Tablets combines a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor smooth muscle relaxant with a COX-2 preferential NSAID. Drotaverine elevates cyclic AMP in visceral smooth muscle to abolish spastic contractions, while aceclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, eliminating inflammation and pain. Indicated for severe spasmodic dysmenorrhea, biliary colic, renal/ureteric colic, and spasmodic abdominal pain.

Naproxen Tablets (250mg, 500mg) is an oral propionic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, suppressing prostaglandin synthesis. Due to its long elimination half-life (12 to 17 hours), it provides sustained 24-hour platelet inhibition, conferring the most favorable cardiovascular safety profile among all traditional NSAIDs. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gout, acute tendinitis, bursitis, and primary dysmenorrhea.

Thiocolchicoside Capsules (4mg) is a semi-synthetic sulfurated glucoside derivative of colchicine functioning as a central muscle relaxant on the PMBI formulary. It acts as a selective competitive antagonist at GABA-A and glycine receptors in the central nervous system, relieving painful reflex muscle contractures, hypertonia, and myofascial spasms without inducing sedative impairment or muscular paresis. Indicated for adjuvant treatment of painful acute muscle contractures in acute spinal pathologies (acute lumbago, torticollis, sprains).

Trypsin 48mg + Bromelain 90mg + Rutoside Trihydrate 100mg Tablets is an established pharmaceutical agent in the Pain, Fever & Arthritis category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, or chondroprotective relief according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Aceclofenac (200mg sustained-release) and Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg enteric-coated) Capsules is a gastro-protective NSAID combination. Aceclofenac is a phenylacetic acid NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2 over COX-1, relieving joint pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Rabeprazole is a fast-acting proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by blocking parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase, neutralizing the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulceration, erosions, and GI bleeding. Indicated for chronic arthritis pain, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients with high gastrointestinal risk.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Camylofin Dihydrochloride (25mg) and Paracetamol (300mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose antispasmodic and analgesic combination. Camylofin exerts a dual antispasmodic mechanism: antimuscarinic action and direct smooth muscle relaxation via phosphodiesterase inhibition, relieving visceral smooth muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tracts. Paracetamol provides centrally mediated pain relief. Indicated for severe visceral colic, intestinal colic, biliary colic, renal/ureteric colic, and painful spasmodic dysmenorrhea.

Diclofenac Diethylamine / Sodium Formulations (1.16%-2% Gel, Spray, and 200mg Transdermal Patch with Methyl Salicylate, Menthol, Linseed/Sesame Oil, or Thiocolchicoside) is a targeted topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory formulation. Diclofenac penetrates through the stratum corneum directly into underlying joints, tendons, and muscles, inhibiting local COX-2 and prostaglandin production with minimal systemic plasma concentrations (<1-2% of oral levels). Methyl salicylate and menthol provide counterirritant distraction and cooling relief; linseed oil delivers alpha-linolenic acid to reduce local swelling. Indicated for localized joint pain in osteoarthritis (knees, hands), acute muscle strains, sprains, backache, and sports trauma.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Etoricoxib (60mg) and Thiocolchicoside (4mg) Tablets combines a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor with a non-sedating muscle relaxant. Etoricoxib blocks inflammatory prostaglandins with >100-fold selectivity over COX-1, causing significantly less gastrointestinal ulceration than non-selective NSAIDs, while thiocolchicoside eliminates painful muscle spasms via central GABA-A/glycine receptor antagonism. Indicated for acute low back pain, acute torticollis, cervical radiculopathy, and severe muscular spasms associated with spinal osteoarthritis.

Glucosamine 750mg & Chondroitin 100mg Tablets is an established pharmaceutical and nutritional agent in the Vitamins, Minerals & Nutrition category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide micronutrient replenishment, metabolic support, or nutritional therapy according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Naproxen (250mg/500mg) and Domperidone (10mg) Tablets is a migraine and arthritic combination. Naproxen eliminates pain and neurogenic inflammation; domperidone accelerates gastric emptying through peripheral dopamine D2 antagonism, reversing migraine-induced gastric stasis and relieving migraine nausea. Indicated for acute migraine attacks and arthritic pain with gastric fullness.

Naproxen (250mg/500mg) and Domperidone (10mg) Tablets is a migraine and arthritic combination. Naproxen eliminates pain and neurogenic inflammation; domperidone accelerates gastric emptying through peripheral dopamine D2 antagonism, reversing migraine-induced gastric stasis and relieving migraine nausea. Indicated for acute migraine attacks and arthritic pain with gastric fullness.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Oxaceprol Capsules (200mg) is an oral acetylated hydroxyproline derivative on the PMBI formulary. It acts as an atypical anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective agent by specifically inhibiting leukocyte extravasation, adherence, and transmigration through vascular endothelium into inflamed joint synovium, without inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes or causing gastric mucosal injury. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and spine, and painful joint inflammation.

Paracetamol IV Infusion (1g in 100ml vial) is a sterile parenteral non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides rapid, centrally mediated pain relief and fever reduction by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system and activating descending spinal serotonergic pain-modulating pathways. Indicated for short-term treatment of moderate pain (especially following surgery), severe pain in combination with IV opioids, and acute reduction of high fever when oral administration is not possible.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol (162.5mg/325mg) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (18.75mg/37.5mg) Tablets is a synergistic, multi-mechanistic analgesic combination on the WHO Model List framework for moderate-to-severe pain. Tramadol acts as a weak mu-opioid receptor agonist while simultaneously inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) in the descending spinal pain inhibitory pathways. Paracetamol acts centrally to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and activate descending serotonergic pathways. Combining them produces additive analgesia at lower individual doses with faster onset (paracetamol ~30 min) and extended duration (tramadol 6-8 hours). Indicated for management of moderate-to-severe acute pain, postoperative pain, acute musculoskeletal trauma, and severe osteoarthritis flares.

Paracetamol (500mg/650mg) and Caffeine (25mg/50mg) Tablets is an enhanced analgesic-antipyretic combination. Caffeine is a central nervous system methylxanthine stimulant and adenosine receptor antagonist; it constricts dilated cerebral blood vessels and accelerates gastrointestinal absorption of paracetamol, enhancing analgesic efficacy by approximately 30-40%. Indicated for acute relief of tension headaches, migraine attacks, fever, toothache, and musculoskeletal aches.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg) and Chlorzoxazone (250mg) Tablets is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and analgesic combination. Chlorzoxazone inhibits multi-synaptic reflex arcs in the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain, relieving painful skeletal muscle spasms. Paracetamol acts centrally to alleviate associated pain and discomfort. Indicated for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions, muscle spasms, lumbago, torticollis, and strain/sprain trauma.

Paracetamol (325mg/500mg), Phenylephrine (10mg), and Chlorpheniramine Maleate (2mg) Tablets is a triple-action cold, sinus, and flu combination. Paracetamol relieves headache, body aches, sore throat, and fever. Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that constricts swollen nasal mucosal blood vessels, relieving nasal and sinus congestion. Chlorpheniramine is a first-generation H1-antihistamine that blocks histamine receptors, drying rhinorrhea and eliminating sneezing and watery eyes. Indicated for symptomatic relief of common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and influenza symptoms.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Rosehip Extract (275mg), Devil's Claw Extract (100mg), and Boswellia Serrata Extract (307.5mg) Capsules is a standardized herbal anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective formulation. Rosehip contains galactolipids (GOPO) that suppress leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory cytokine expression. Boswellia serrata yields acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a direct non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), shutting down pro-inflammatory leukotriene synthesis. Devil's claw (harpagoside) suppresses inflammatory mediators. Indicated for supportive management of joint pain, stiffness, and mobility in osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal inflammation.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Zoledronic Acid Injection (4mg/100ml, 5mg/100ml) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds avidly to hydroxyapatite crystals in mineralized bone matrix and is internalized by active osteoclasts, where it potently inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This prevents prenylation of small GTPases (Rho, Rac, Rab), causing loss of osteoclast ruffled borders, cytoskeletal collapse, and osteoclast apoptosis, powerfully arresting bone resorption. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men (5 mg annual IV infusion), Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), and prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors or multiple myeloma (4 mg every 3-4 weeks).

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Ketorolac Tromethamine Tablets / Dispersible Tablets (10mg) is an oral pyrrolizine carboxylic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List framework for short-term continuation therapy following IV ketorolac. It exerts potent analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory action via cyclooxygenase inhibition. Indicated ONLY as continuation therapy to parenteral ketorolac for moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain, for a total combined duration not exceeding 5 days.

Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Capsules (500mg) is an oral synthetic angioprotective and microvascular stabilizer on the PMBI Formulary. It improves microvascular resistance, inhibits capillary hyperpermeability, decreases blood hyperviscosity and platelet hyperaggregability, and improves lymphatic drainage. Indicated for diabetic retinopathy, chronic venous insufficiency, and acute hemorrhoidal attacks.

Diclofenac Sodium Suppositories (100mg) is a rectal formulation on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Rectal absorption bypasses gastric mucosal contact, providing effective systemic anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Indicated for post-operative orthopedic pain, severe arthritis flares, and acute pain in patients unable to take oral medication.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution (0.4% w/v) is a topical ocular NSAID on the WHO Model List framework. It inhibits ocular cyclooxygenase to block ocular prostaglandin synthesis, preventing intraoperative miosis and relieving postoperative ocular inflammation and photophobia following cataract surgery and refractive surgery.

Paracetamol (500mg/650mg) and Caffeine (25mg/50mg) Tablets is an enhanced analgesic-antipyretic combination. Caffeine is a central nervous system methylxanthine stimulant and adenosine receptor antagonist; it constricts dilated cerebral blood vessels and accelerates gastrointestinal absorption of paracetamol, enhancing analgesic efficacy by approximately 30-40%. Indicated for acute relief of tension headaches, migraine attacks, fever, toothache, and musculoskeletal aches.

Sumatriptan (85mg) and Naproxen Sodium (500mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose acute antimigraine therapy. Sumatriptan is a selective 5-HT1B/1D serotonin receptor agonist that constricts painfully dilated intracranial extracerebral blood vessels and inhibits pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release from trigeminal nerve terminals. Naproxen provides long-acting COX inhibition to suppress neurogenic dural inflammation and prevent headache recurrence. Indicated for acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults.

Calcium Formulations (Calcium Carbonate 500mg/1250mg, Calcium Citrate Malate 250mg/1000mg, Coral Calcium with Vitamin D3 250-2000 IU, Vitamin K2-7, Magnesium, and Zinc) is an oral bone remineralization complex on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Calcium provides elemental bone mineral matrix; vitamin D3 stimulates intestinal calcium transport; vitamin K2-7 (menaquinone-7) activates osteocalcin to bind calcium into hydroxyapatite crystals while preventing ectopic arterial vascular calcification; zinc and magnesium act as essential osteoblast cofactors. Indicated for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteopenia, pregnancy/lactation calcium demands, and bone fracture healing.

Flupirtine Maleate Capsules (100mg) is a non-opioid, non-NSAID centrally acting analgesic functioning as a Selective Neuronal Potassium Channel Opener (SNEPCO). It opens voltage-gated Kv7 (KCNQ) potassium channels, hyperpolarizing the neuronal membrane and stabilizing resting membrane potential. This indirectly blocks NMDA glutamate receptors, dampening central pain sensitization, and acts as a central muscle relaxant without causing gastric ulceration or opioid-like respiratory depression. Indicated for acute moderate-to-severe pain, acute musculoskeletal pain, tension headaches, and painful muscle spasms.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Ibandronic Acid Tablets (150mg) is a potent nitrogenous bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List framework. Inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption and increasing trabecular bone mass. Indicated for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis as a convenient once-monthly oral regimen.

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen (Tablets 500mg, 650mg, 1000mg; Oral Suspension 120mg, 125mg, 250mg per 5ml; Drops 100mg/ml) is a first-line non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inhibits central prostaglandin synthesis through peroxidase-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord, activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways, and resets the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to reduce fever through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Unlike NSAIDs, it does NOT inhibit peripheral cyclooxygenase, causing zero gastric mucosal ulceration, platelet dysfunction, or renal vasoconstriction. Indicated as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis) and fever of diverse etiologies.

Meloxicam Tablets (7.5mg, 15mg) is an oral enolic acid oxicam NSAID with preferential COX-2 selectivity on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides potent articular anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity while sparing gastric mucosal COX-1 at lower therapeutic doses (7.5 mg daily). Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (7.5-15 mg once daily), rheumatoid arthritis (15 mg once daily), and ankylosing spondylitis.

Meloxicam Tablets (7.5mg, 15mg) is an oral enolic acid oxicam NSAID with preferential COX-2 selectivity on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides potent articular anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity while sparing gastric mucosal COX-1 at lower therapeutic doses (7.5 mg daily). Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (7.5-15 mg once daily), rheumatoid arthritis (15 mg once daily), and ankylosing spondylitis.

Amisulpride Tablets (300mg) is a substituted benzamide atypical antipsychotic and dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework. At high doses (300-800 mg), it preferentially blocks postsynaptic dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the limbic system, controlling positive symptoms of schizophrenia; at low doses (50 mg), it blocks presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, increasing dopamine release to treat negative symptoms, dysthymia, and somatoform pain. Indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia, dysthymic disorder, and management of chronic pain syndromes with psychosomatic components.

Alendronate Sodium Tablets (70mg) is an oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to bone hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by selectively inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing vertebral and hip fracture incidence by ~50%. Indicated for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Colchicine Tablets (0.5mg) is an ancient, alkaloid antimitotic anti-inflammatory agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines derived from Colchicum autumnale. It binds with high affinity to tubulin dimers, preventing microtubule assembly and causing microtubule depolymerization. This disrupts leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis, lysosomal degranulation, and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation, preventing interleukin-1beta processing and halting the acute inflammatory cascade triggered by monosodium urate crystals. Indicated for treatment of acute gout flares, prophylaxis of gout flares during initiation of urate-lowering therapy, and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF).

Nandrolone Decanoate Injection (50mg/ml) is a synthetic 19-nortestosterone anabolic-androgenic steroid on the PMBI formulary. It exhibits high anabolic activity relative to its androgenic activity, stimulating protein synthesis, reversing nitrogen catabolism, stimulating erythropoietin secretion in the kidneys, and enhancing bone matrix mineralization. Indicated for management of anemia associated with chronic renal failure, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and catabolic states associated with chronic debilitating illnesses.

Baclofen Tablets (10mg, 20mg Extended Release Gastric Retentive System) is an oral centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and antispasticity agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is a synthetic chemical analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that selectively activates G-protein-coupled presynaptic GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord. This stimulates hyperpolarization by increasing potassium conductance and inhibits calcium influx, reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate) and dampening mono- and polysynaptic spinal reflexes. Indicated for alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord trauma, transverse myelitis, and motor neuron disease.

Tapentadol Tablets (50mg immediate-release, 100mg extended-release) is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic with a dual mechanism: potent mu-opioid receptor agonism (MOR) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (NRI). Unlike tramadol, it has minimal serotonergic activity (virtually eliminating serotonin syndrome risk) and does not rely on metabolic CYP2D6 bioactivation for efficacy, producing consistent and predictable analgesia. Indicated for management of severe acute pain (immediate-release) and severe chronic pain / painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (extended-release).

Tapentadol Tablets (50mg immediate-release, 100mg extended-release) is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic with a dual mechanism: potent mu-opioid receptor agonism (MOR) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (NRI). Unlike tramadol, it has minimal serotonergic activity (virtually eliminating serotonin syndrome risk) and does not rely on metabolic CYP2D6 bioactivation for efficacy, producing consistent and predictable analgesia. Indicated for management of severe acute pain (immediate-release) and severe chronic pain / painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (extended-release).

Aceclofenac (200mg sustained-release) and Cyclobenzaprine (15mg sustained-release) Tablets combines a long-acting NSAID with a tricyclic-derivative centrally acting muscle relaxant. Cyclobenzaprine acts primarily at the brainstem to reduce tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motor systems. Indicated for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions associated with muscle spasm and stiffness (e.g., severe acute low back pain).

Aceclofenac (100mg, with or without Paracetamol 325mg) and Tizanidine (2mg) Tablets combines an NSAID with a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist muscle relaxant. Tizanidine stimulates presynaptic alpha-2 receptors in the spinal cord, inhibiting excitatory amino acid (glutamate/aspartate) release from interneurons to reduce spasticity and muscle tone. Indicated for painful muscle spasms associated with static and functional spine disorders (cervical and lumbar syndromes) and acute musculoskeletal trauma.

Diclofenac Diethylamine / Sodium Formulations (1.16%-2% Gel, Spray, and 200mg Transdermal Patch with Methyl Salicylate, Menthol, Linseed/Sesame Oil, or Thiocolchicoside) is a targeted topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory formulation. Diclofenac penetrates through the stratum corneum directly into underlying joints, tendons, and muscles, inhibiting local COX-2 and prostaglandin production with minimal systemic plasma concentrations (<1-2% of oral levels). Methyl salicylate and menthol provide counterirritant distraction and cooling relief; linseed oil delivers alpha-linolenic acid to reduce local swelling. Indicated for localized joint pain in osteoarthritis (knees, hands), acute muscle strains, sprains, backache, and sports trauma.

Leflunomide Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral isoxazole-derivative disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is rapidly converted in the gut wall and liver to its active metabolite teriflunomide (A77 1726), which reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the key mitochondrial enzyme in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Because activated, proliferating autoimmune T- and B-lymphocytes depend on de novo pyrimidine generation (unlike resting cells which use the salvage pathway), leflunomide selectively halts autoimmune lymphocyte proliferation and joint inflammation. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis and active Psoriatic Arthritis.

Topiroxostat Tablets (20mg, 40mg, 60mg) is a novel non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor on the PMBI formulary. It inhibits both the xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase forms of the enzyme by interacting with multiple amino acid residues in the solvent-accessible channel, reducing uric acid production and oxidative stress with exceptional renal safety. Indicated for hyperuricemia with or without gout in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3).

Topiroxostat Tablets (20mg, 40mg, 60mg) is a novel non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor on the PMBI formulary. It inhibits both the xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase forms of the enzyme by interacting with multiple amino acid residues in the solvent-accessible channel, reducing uric acid production and oxidative stress with exceptional renal safety. Indicated for hyperuricemia with or without gout in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3).

Topiroxostat Tablets (20mg, 40mg, 60mg) is a novel non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor on the PMBI formulary. It inhibits both the xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase forms of the enzyme by interacting with multiple amino acid residues in the solvent-accessible channel, reducing uric acid production and oxidative stress with exceptional renal safety. Indicated for hyperuricemia with or without gout in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3).

Aceclofenac (1.0% w/w) and Menthol (5.0% w/w) Spray is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and counterirritant formulation. Aceclofenac penetrates transcutaneously into inflamed subcutaneous tissues and synovial fluid, inhibiting local prostaglandin synthesis. Menthol stimulates cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors to produce a cooling soothing effect followed by mild analgesic vasodilation. Indicated for localized relief of pain, sprains, strains, contusions, and musculoskeletal injuries.

Aceclofenac Gel 1.5% w/w is an evidence-based dermatological formulation. It acts by delivering targeted active therapeutic ingredients to cutaneous lesions to relieve skin pathology, restore barrier integrity, and manage dermatoses.

Denosumab Injection (60mg/ml pre-filled syringe) is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines that specifically targets and binds to the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand (RANKL). By neutralizing RANKL, it prevents RANKL from binding to its receptor RANK on osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts, halting osteoclast formation, function, and survival. This profoundly shuts down bone resorption throughout cortical and trabecular bone, rapidly increasing bone mineral density. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture, osteoporosis in men, bone loss associated with hormone ablation therapy for breast or prostate cancer, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Diclofenac Diethylamine / Sodium Formulations (1.16%-2% Gel, Spray, and 200mg Transdermal Patch with Methyl Salicylate, Menthol, Linseed/Sesame Oil, or Thiocolchicoside) is a targeted topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory formulation. Diclofenac penetrates through the stratum corneum directly into underlying joints, tendons, and muscles, inhibiting local COX-2 and prostaglandin production with minimal systemic plasma concentrations (<1-2% of oral levels). Methyl salicylate and menthol provide counterirritant distraction and cooling relief; linseed oil delivers alpha-linolenic acid to reduce local swelling. Indicated for localized joint pain in osteoarthritis (knees, hands), acute muscle strains, sprains, backache, and sports trauma.

Diclofenac Diethylamine / Sodium Formulations (1.16%-2% Gel, Spray, and 200mg Transdermal Patch with Methyl Salicylate, Menthol, Linseed/Sesame Oil, or Thiocolchicoside) is a targeted topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory formulation. Diclofenac penetrates through the stratum corneum directly into underlying joints, tendons, and muscles, inhibiting local COX-2 and prostaglandin production with minimal systemic plasma concentrations (<1-2% of oral levels). Methyl salicylate and menthol provide counterirritant distraction and cooling relief; linseed oil delivers alpha-linolenic acid to reduce local swelling. Indicated for localized joint pain in osteoarthritis (knees, hands), acute muscle strains, sprains, backache, and sports trauma.

Diclofenac Diethylamine / Sodium Formulations (1.16%-2% Gel, Spray, and 200mg Transdermal Patch with Methyl Salicylate, Menthol, Linseed/Sesame Oil, or Thiocolchicoside) is a targeted topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory formulation. Diclofenac penetrates through the stratum corneum directly into underlying joints, tendons, and muscles, inhibiting local COX-2 and prostaglandin production with minimal systemic plasma concentrations (<1-2% of oral levels). Methyl salicylate and menthol provide counterirritant distraction and cooling relief; linseed oil delivers alpha-linolenic acid to reduce local swelling. Indicated for localized joint pain in osteoarthritis (knees, hands), acute muscle strains, sprains, backache, and sports trauma.

Diclofenac Sodium (50mg) and Thiocolchicoside (4mg/8mg) Tablets combines a potent NSAID with a central non-sedating muscle relaxant. Relieves pain, inflammation, and muscle contracture in acute lumbago, torticollis, sprains, and spinal radiculopathies.

Diclofenac Sodium (50mg) and Thiocolchicoside (4mg/8mg) Tablets combines a potent NSAID with a central non-sedating muscle relaxant. Relieves pain, inflammation, and muscle contracture in acute lumbago, torticollis, sprains, and spinal radiculopathies.

Ibuprofen Oral Suspension (100mg/5ml) is a pediatric propionic acid NSAID on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly inhibits COX enzymes to provide effective fever reduction and analgesia for up to 6 to 8 hours. Indicated for reduction of fever and relief of mild-to-moderate pain in infants and children >=3 months of age.

Iguratimod Tablets (25mg) is a novel synthetic small-molecule disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It selectively suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B, downregulating the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and directly inhibiting immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) synthesis by B-cells without suppressing bone marrow hematopoiesis. Concurrently, it promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANKL. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis refractory or intolerant to methotrexate.

Ketoprofen Gel 2.5% w/w is an evidence-based dermatological formulation. It acts by delivering targeted active therapeutic ingredients to cutaneous lesions to relieve skin pathology, restore barrier integrity, and manage dermatoses.

Janaushadhi Pain Relief Spray is a multi-action topical herbal analgesic, counterirritant, and anti-inflammatory formulation containing Gandhapura / Wintergreen Tel (Methyl Salicylate 20%), Karpura / Camphor (10%), Turpentine Oil (10%), Nilgiri Tel / Eucalyptus Oil (6%), Pudina ka Phool / Menthol (4%), Lavang Tel / Clove Oil (1%), and Cinnamon Oil (0.5%). Methyl salicylate blocks local prostaglandin generation; menthol and camphor stimulate TRPM8 and TRPV1 thermoreceptors to provide immediate soothing cooling followed by warming distraction; clove and cinnamon oils provide mild local eugenol anesthesia. Indicated for instant relief from low back pain, joint stiffness, neck and shoulder pain, sprains, strains, and sports injuries.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Diclofenac Sodium/Potassium Tablets (50mg Gastro-Resistant, 75mg/100mg Prolonged Release) is an oral phenylacetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It potently inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, halting prostaglandin synthesis, and also reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes. Potassium salt provides rapid dissolution and quick pain relief; sodium prolonged-release provides steady 24-hour therapeutic coverage. Indicated for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and acute migraine attacks.

Tramadol Hydrochloride (50mg immediate-release) and Diclofenac Sodium (75mg sustained-release) Tablets combines a centrally acting dual-mechanism opioid with a potent peripheral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Tramadol dampens central pain transmission via mu-opioid activation and monoaminergic reuptake inhibition; diclofenac blocks peripheral COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to eliminate tissue inflammation and prostaglandin-mediated sensitization of nociceptors. Indicated for severe acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain, post-surgical orthopedic pain, and severe osteoarthritic/rheumatoid joint destruction.

Naproxen (500mg delayed-release) and Esomeprazole (20mg gastro-resistant) Tablets combines a cardiovascular-safe NSAID with a potent proton pump inhibitor. Naproxen is associated with the lowest cardiovascular thrombotic risk among NSAIDs due to continuous 24-hour platelet COX-1 inhibition; esomeprazole elevates intragastric pH > 4, protecting gastric and duodenal mucosa from NSAID ulceration. Indicated for relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients at risk of developing NSAID-associated gastric ulcers.

Polmacoxib Capsules (2mg) is a first-in-class, tissue-specific dual COX-2 and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. It binds with high affinity to carbonic anhydrase enzymes inside erythrocytes, which act as a physiological circulating reservoir, transporting polmacoxib specifically to inflamed arthritic joints where local acidic pH promotes drug dissociation into synovial tissue. This targeted delivery allows powerful articular COX-2 inhibition at ultra-low systemic doses (2 mg once daily), markedly minimizing cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicities. Indicated for the relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis in adults.

Ketoprofen Transdermal Patch (30mg) is a propionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory patch. Delivers sustained transdermal release of ketoprofen directly into local subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and joint spaces, inhibiting local cyclooxygenase enzymes and bradykinin generation while maintaining low systemic plasma levels. Indicated for localized treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, periarthritis, tendinitis, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), and acute muscle sprains and contusions.