Orthopedic & Joint Care

Alfacalcidol Soft Gelatin Capsules (0.25 mcg) is an oral synthetic prodrug of active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It possesses 1-alpha hydroxylation and requires only hepatic 25-hydroxylation (by CYP2R1) to become fully active calcitriol, completely bypassing the renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase step which is impaired in renal disease. It binds to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), powerfully stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and promoting bone mineralization. Indicated for renal osteodystrophy in chronic kidney disease, hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism, nutritional/malabsorptive rickets, and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Leflunomide Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral isoxazole-derivative disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is rapidly converted in the gut wall and liver to its active metabolite teriflunomide (A77 1726), which reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the key mitochondrial enzyme in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Because activated, proliferating autoimmune T- and B-lymphocytes depend on de novo pyrimidine generation (unlike resting cells which use the salvage pathway), leflunomide selectively halts autoimmune lymphocyte proliferation and joint inflammation. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis and active Psoriatic Arthritis.

Zoledronic Acid Injection (4mg/100ml, 5mg/100ml) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds avidly to hydroxyapatite crystals in mineralized bone matrix and is internalized by active osteoclasts, where it potently inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This prevents prenylation of small GTPases (Rho, Rac, Rab), causing loss of osteoclast ruffled borders, cytoskeletal collapse, and osteoclast apoptosis, powerfully arresting bone resorption. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men (5 mg annual IV infusion), Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), and prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors or multiple myeloma (4 mg every 3-4 weeks).

Diacerein Capsules (50mg; alone or with Glucosamine Sulphate 500mg/750mg) is an anthraquinone-derivative symptomatic slow-acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on the PMBI formulary. It is metabolized to rhein, which potently and selectively inhibits the synthesis and activity of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the master cytokine driving cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. It downregulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and stimulates chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid without inhibiting cyclooxygenase or causing gastric ulceration. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.

Glucosamine 750mg & Chondroitin 100mg Tablets is an established pharmaceutical and nutritional agent in the Vitamins, Minerals & Nutrition category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide micronutrient replenishment, metabolic support, or nutritional therapy according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Oxaceprol Capsules (200mg) is an oral acetylated hydroxyproline derivative on the PMBI formulary. It acts as an atypical anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective agent by specifically inhibiting leukocyte extravasation, adherence, and transmigration through vascular endothelium into inflamed joint synovium, without inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes or causing gastric mucosal injury. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and spine, and painful joint inflammation.

Rosehip Extract (275mg), Devil's Claw Extract (100mg), and Boswellia Serrata Extract (307.5mg) Capsules is a standardized herbal anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective formulation. Rosehip contains galactolipids (GOPO) that suppress leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory cytokine expression. Boswellia serrata yields acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a direct non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), shutting down pro-inflammatory leukotriene synthesis. Devil's claw (harpagoside) suppresses inflammatory mediators. Indicated for supportive management of joint pain, stiffness, and mobility in osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal inflammation.

Zoledronic Acid Injection (4mg/100ml, 5mg/100ml) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds avidly to hydroxyapatite crystals in mineralized bone matrix and is internalized by active osteoclasts, where it potently inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This prevents prenylation of small GTPases (Rho, Rac, Rab), causing loss of osteoclast ruffled borders, cytoskeletal collapse, and osteoclast apoptosis, powerfully arresting bone resorption. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men (5 mg annual IV infusion), Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), and prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors or multiple myeloma (4 mg every 3-4 weeks).

Calcium Dobesilate Monohydrate Capsules (500mg) is an oral synthetic angioprotective and microvascular stabilizer on the PMBI Formulary. It improves microvascular resistance, inhibits capillary hyperpermeability, decreases blood hyperviscosity and platelet hyperaggregability, and improves lymphatic drainage. Indicated for diabetic retinopathy, chronic venous insufficiency, and acute hemorrhoidal attacks.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Calcium Formulations (Calcium Carbonate 500mg/1250mg, Calcium Citrate Malate 250mg/1000mg, Coral Calcium with Vitamin D3 250-2000 IU, Vitamin K2-7, Magnesium, and Zinc) is an oral bone remineralization complex on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Calcium provides elemental bone mineral matrix; vitamin D3 stimulates intestinal calcium transport; vitamin K2-7 (menaquinone-7) activates osteocalcin to bind calcium into hydroxyapatite crystals while preventing ectopic arterial vascular calcification; zinc and magnesium act as essential osteoblast cofactors. Indicated for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteopenia, pregnancy/lactation calcium demands, and bone fracture healing.

Glucosamine Formulations (500mg, 750mg, 1500mg Tablets; alone or with Chondroitin 400mg, Diacerein 50mg, or Methylsulfonylmethane MSM 250mg) is an oral amino monosaccharide cartilage supplement on the PMBI formulary. Glucosamine serves as an essential biochemical building block for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid in the articular cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Chondroitin inhibits elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes; MSM provides organic sulfur for connective tissue cross-linking. Indicated for symptomatic relief of mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and joints.

Ibandronic Acid Tablets (150mg) is a potent nitrogenous bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List framework. Inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption and increasing trabecular bone mass. Indicated for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis as a convenient once-monthly oral regimen.

Meloxicam Tablets (7.5mg, 15mg) is an oral enolic acid oxicam NSAID with preferential COX-2 selectivity on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides potent articular anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity while sparing gastric mucosal COX-1 at lower therapeutic doses (7.5 mg daily). Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (7.5-15 mg once daily), rheumatoid arthritis (15 mg once daily), and ankylosing spondylitis.

Meloxicam Tablets (7.5mg, 15mg) is an oral enolic acid oxicam NSAID with preferential COX-2 selectivity on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It provides potent articular anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity while sparing gastric mucosal COX-1 at lower therapeutic doses (7.5 mg daily). Indicated for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis (7.5-15 mg once daily), rheumatoid arthritis (15 mg once daily), and ankylosing spondylitis.

Amisulpride Tablets (300mg) is a substituted benzamide atypical antipsychotic and dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework. At high doses (300-800 mg), it preferentially blocks postsynaptic dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the limbic system, controlling positive symptoms of schizophrenia; at low doses (50 mg), it blocks presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, increasing dopamine release to treat negative symptoms, dysthymia, and somatoform pain. Indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia, dysthymic disorder, and management of chronic pain syndromes with psychosomatic components.

Alendronate Sodium Tablets (70mg) is an oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to bone hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by selectively inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing vertebral and hip fracture incidence by ~50%. Indicated for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Nandrolone Decanoate Injection (50mg/ml) is a synthetic 19-nortestosterone anabolic-androgenic steroid on the PMBI formulary. It exhibits high anabolic activity relative to its androgenic activity, stimulating protein synthesis, reversing nitrogen catabolism, stimulating erythropoietin secretion in the kidneys, and enhancing bone matrix mineralization. Indicated for management of anemia associated with chronic renal failure, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and catabolic states associated with chronic debilitating illnesses.

Leflunomide Tablets (10mg, 20mg) is an oral isoxazole-derivative disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is rapidly converted in the gut wall and liver to its active metabolite teriflunomide (A77 1726), which reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the key mitochondrial enzyme in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Because activated, proliferating autoimmune T- and B-lymphocytes depend on de novo pyrimidine generation (unlike resting cells which use the salvage pathway), leflunomide selectively halts autoimmune lymphocyte proliferation and joint inflammation. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis and active Psoriatic Arthritis.

Denosumab Injection (60mg/ml pre-filled syringe) is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines that specifically targets and binds to the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand (RANKL). By neutralizing RANKL, it prevents RANKL from binding to its receptor RANK on osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts, halting osteoclast formation, function, and survival. This profoundly shuts down bone resorption throughout cortical and trabecular bone, rapidly increasing bone mineral density. Indicated for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture, osteoporosis in men, bone loss associated with hormone ablation therapy for breast or prostate cancer, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Iguratimod Tablets (25mg) is a novel synthetic small-molecule disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It selectively suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B, downregulating the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and directly inhibiting immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) synthesis by B-cells without suppressing bone marrow hematopoiesis. Concurrently, it promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANKL. Indicated for active Rheumatoid Arthritis refractory or intolerant to methotrexate.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Tofacitinib Tablets (5mg, 10mg immediate-release, 11mg, 22mg Extended Release) is a first-in-class oral Janus Kinase (JAK-1 and JAK-3 preferential) inhibitor on the WHO Model List framework. It blocks the intracellular catalytic domain of JAK kinases, halting STAT transcription factor phosphorylation and shutting down signaling for key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-gamma). Indicated for moderate-to-severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate, active Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Naproxen (500mg delayed-release) and Esomeprazole (20mg gastro-resistant) Tablets combines a cardiovascular-safe NSAID with a potent proton pump inhibitor. Naproxen is associated with the lowest cardiovascular thrombotic risk among NSAIDs due to continuous 24-hour platelet COX-1 inhibition; esomeprazole elevates intragastric pH > 4, protecting gastric and duodenal mucosa from NSAID ulceration. Indicated for relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients at risk of developing NSAID-associated gastric ulcers.

Polmacoxib Capsules (2mg) is a first-in-class, tissue-specific dual COX-2 and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. It binds with high affinity to carbonic anhydrase enzymes inside erythrocytes, which act as a physiological circulating reservoir, transporting polmacoxib specifically to inflamed arthritic joints where local acidic pH promotes drug dissociation into synovial tissue. This targeted delivery allows powerful articular COX-2 inhibition at ultra-low systemic doses (2 mg once daily), markedly minimizing cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicities. Indicated for the relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis in adults.