Antiemetics & GI Motility

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Tablets (10mg) is an oral synthetic tertiary amine antispasmodic. It possesses specific anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) and direct musculotropic relaxant effects on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, eliminating visceral spasms and hypermotility. Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional enterospasm, and abdominal cramping.

Paracetamol (325mg) and Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (20mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose antispasmodic and analgesic combination. Dicyclomine blocks muscarinic M1/M3 receptors on smooth muscle and produces direct musculotropic relaxation of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. Paracetamol provides centrally acting pain relief. Indicated for spasmodic abdominal pain, intestinal colic, biliary colic, renal colic, and painful dysmenorrhea.

Domperidone Tablets (10mg) and Suspension (5mg/5ml) is a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist antiemetic and prokinetic on the WHO Model List framework. Because it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, it acts primarily at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (outside the blood-brain barrier) and gastrointestinal tract, stimulating upper GI motility, increasing LES pressure, and accelerating gastric emptying. Indicated for relief of symptoms of nausea and vomiting of various etiologies, and diabetic gastroparesis.

Domperidone Tablets (10mg) and Suspension (5mg/5ml) is a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist antiemetic and prokinetic on the WHO Model List framework. Because it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, it acts primarily at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (outside the blood-brain barrier) and gastrointestinal tract, stimulating upper GI motility, increasing LES pressure, and accelerating gastric emptying. Indicated for relief of symptoms of nausea and vomiting of various etiologies, and diabetic gastroparesis.

Hyoscine Butylbromide Tablets (10mg) is a peripheral antimuscarinic antispasmodic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. As a quaternary ammonium derivative, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier, exerting potent localized smooth muscle relaxant effects on the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tree, and urinary system without central anticholinergic adverse effects. Indicated for acute abdominal cramps, irritable bowel syndrome spasms, and spastic dysmenorrhea.

Metoclopramide Tablets (10mg) and Syrup (5mg/5ml) is a central and peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist prokinetic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It enhances gastric motility and accelerates gastroduodenal emptying while suppressing nausea at the CTZ. Indicated for symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux, delayed gastric emptying (diabetic gastroparesis), and acute nausea and vomiting.

Metoclopramide Injection (5mg/ml) is a parenteral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks central dopamine receptors in the CTZ and peripheral receptors in the gut, augmenting gastric antral contractions, relaxing the pyloric sphincter, and accelerating gastric emptying. Indicated for prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, acute migraine nausea, and facilitation of small bowel intubation or radiologic GI transit.

Omeprazole (20mg gastro-resistant) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained-release) is a cornerstone fixed-dose PPI and prokinetic combination on the WHO Model List framework. Omeprazole irreversibly suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase. Domperidone blocks peripheral dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and gastrointestinal tract, stimulating gastric motility and preventing acid reflux. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and peptic ulcer disease accompanied by nausea, fullness, or vomiting.

Ondansetron Injection (2mg/ml) is an intravenous/intramuscular selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors located centrally in the area postrema / chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and peripherally on vagal nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal tract, halting the emetic reflex cascade. Indicated for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), radiation-induced emesis, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Ondansetron Tablets (4mg) is an oral selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks serotonin signaling at 5-HT3 receptors in both the peripheral gastrointestinal vagal afferents and central area postrema. Indicated for prevention and management of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and acute gastroenteritis.

Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained-release) is a rapid-onset PPI and prokinetic combination. Rabeprazole has a higher pKa (~5.0) than other PPIs, allowing faster activation at higher pH and achieving rapid, potent inhibition of gastric H+/K+-ATPase pumps from the first dose. Domperidone provides dopamine D2 antagonism to enhance lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerate gastric emptying. Indicated for erosive esophagitis, GERD, hypersecretory conditions, and dyspeptic symptom complexes (nausea, postprandial fullness, acid regurgitation).

Promethazine Tablets (25mg) and Syrup (5mg/5ml) is an oral first-generation H1-antihistamine with powerful antiemetic, anti-vertigo, and sedative actions on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively antagonizes H1 receptors, muscarinic receptors, and CTZ dopamine receptors. Indicated for prevention and treatment of motion sickness, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, urticaria, and as a nighttime sedative for allergic insomnia.

Pantoprazole (20mg/40mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained/prolonged-release) is a fixed-dose combination antiulcer and prokinetic therapy. Pantoprazole irreversibly binds to the gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump on parietal cells, suppressing basal and stimulated hydrochloric acid secretion for >24 hours. Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that accelerates gastric emptying and increases lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, diabetic gastroparesis, and acid peptic disorders associated with nausea, fullness, or early satiety.

Esomeprazole (40mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (30mg sustained-release) combines the pure S-enantiomer of omeprazole with an antiemetic prokinetic. Esomeprazole provides superior bioavailability and acid suppression compared to racemic omeprazole by undergoing lower first-pass hepatic metabolism via CYP2C19. Domperidone provides dopamine D2 receptor antagonism, enhancing lower esophageal sphincter tone and gastroduodenal transit. Indicated for erosive reflux esophagitis, GERD poorly responsive to standard acid suppression, and diabetic gastroparesis with nausea.

Pantoprazole (40mg enteric-coated) and Levosulpiride (75mg sustained-release) is a potent combination of a proton pump inhibitor and a prokinetic benzamide. Pantoprazole profoundly suppresses gastric acid synthesis by blocking H+/K+-ATPase pumps. Levosulpiride is the levorotatory enantiomer of sulpiride that selectively antagonizes dopamine D2 receptors in the enteric nervous system and acts as an agonist at 5-HT4 receptors, accelerating gastric and gallbladder emptying and improving antropyloric coordination. Indicated for severe GERD refractory to conventional prokinetics, diabetic gastroparesis, and functional dyspepsia with prominent postprandial distress syndrome.

Chlordiazepoxide (5mg) and Clidinium Bromide (2.5mg, with or without Dicyclomine 10mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose anxiolytic and anticholinergic combination. Clidinium bromide acts as a synthetic quaternary anticholinergic agent, reducing gastric acid secretion and inhibiting hypermotility and spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine that modulates GABA-A receptors in the CNS to alleviate emotional tension and visceral hypersensitivity. Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon, mucous colitis) and adjunctive therapy in peptic ulcer disease.

Esomeprazole (40mg enteric-coated) and Levosulpiride (75mg sustained-release) combines an S-isomer proton pump inhibitor with a central/peripheral prokinetic benzamide. Esomeprazole exerts long-lasting suppression of basal and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Levosulpiride selectively blocks enteric D2 receptors and stimulates 5-HT4 receptors, dramatically improving gastric accommodation and antral motility. Indicated for severe GERD, refractory non-ulcer dyspepsia, and gastroparesis.

Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg enteric-coated) and Levosulpiride (75mg sustained-release) combines a fast-acting proton pump inhibitor with a prokinetic and psychotropic benzamide. Rabeprazole rapidly suppresses gastric acid output, while levosulpiride selectively blocks dopamine D2 receptors and activates 5-HT4 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating gastroduodenal motility and improving visceral hypersensitivity. Indicated for severe GERD, reflux esophagitis with delayed gastric emptying, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and gastroparesis.

Promethazine Tablets (25mg) and Syrup (5mg/5ml) is an oral first-generation H1-antihistamine with powerful antiemetic, anti-vertigo, and sedative actions on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively antagonizes H1 receptors, muscarinic receptors, and CTZ dopamine receptors. Indicated for prevention and treatment of motion sickness, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, urticaria, and as a nighttime sedative for allergic insomnia.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (10mg) with Activated Dimethicone / Simethicone (40mg per 5ml / Drops) is a pediatric and adult antispasmodic and antiflatulent combination. Dicyclomine relieves intestinal smooth muscle spasm via anticholinergic and direct musculotropic action. Simethicone is a non-absorbable surfactant that reduces surface tension of gas bubbles, causing them to coalesce into easily expelled bubbles. Indicated for infantile colic, flatulent dyspepsia, abdominal distension, and irritable bowel syndrome spasms.

Itopride Hydrochloride Tablets (50mg) is a prokinetic gastroprokinetic agent on the PMBI formulary. It exerts a dual mechanism of action: competitive antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), preventing acetylcholine degradation in the myenteric plexus. This enhances upper GI motility, improves gastric accommodation, and accelerates emptying without crossing into the brain or affecting cardiac HERG channels. Indicated for functional dyspepsia, postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric bloating, and heartburn.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (10mg) with Activated Dimethicone / Simethicone (40mg per 5ml / Drops) is a pediatric and adult antispasmodic and antiflatulent combination. Dicyclomine relieves intestinal smooth muscle spasm via anticholinergic and direct musculotropic action. Simethicone is a non-absorbable surfactant that reduces surface tension of gas bubbles, causing them to coalesce into easily expelled bubbles. Indicated for infantile colic, flatulent dyspepsia, abdominal distension, and irritable bowel syndrome spasms.

Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained-release) is a rapid-onset PPI and prokinetic combination. Rabeprazole has a higher pKa (~5.0) than other PPIs, allowing faster activation at higher pH and achieving rapid, potent inhibition of gastric H+/K+-ATPase pumps from the first dose. Domperidone provides dopamine D2 antagonism to enhance lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerate gastric emptying. Indicated for erosive esophagitis, GERD, hypersecretory conditions, and dyspeptic symptom complexes (nausea, postprandial fullness, acid regurgitation).

Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg gastro-resistant) and Itopride Hydrochloride (150mg prolonged-release) combines an antisecretory PPI with an AChE-inhibiting and D2-antagonizing prokinetic. Itopride boosts acetylcholine availability to coordinate gastroduodenal contractions without prolonging cardiac QT intervals or elevating prolactin substantially. Indicated for GERD, reflux esophagitis, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia.

Pantoprazole (40mg enteric-coated) and Itopride Hydrochloride (150mg sustained-release) combines an antisecretory PPI with a dual-action prokinetic. Itopride simultaneously antagonizes dopamine D2 receptors and inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), boosting endogenous acetylcholine release in the enteric plexuses without crossing the blood-brain barrier or affecting cardiac potassium HERG channels. Indicated for non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), GERD, and functional dyspepsia characterized by epigastric fullness, heartburn, and bloating.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection (10mg/ml) is a parenteral antispasmodic on the PMBI formulary. It relaxes visceral smooth muscle via antimuscarinic action and direct musculotropic inhibition of spasm. Indicated for acute severe abdominal colic, biliary colic, renal colic, and acute functional bowel spasms when oral dosing is unfeasible.

Drotaverine Hydrochloride (80mg) and Mefenamic Acid (250mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose antispasmodic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) combination. Drotaverine is an isoquinoline derivative that selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), elevating intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and causing rapid, powerful smooth muscle relaxation without anticholinergic side effects. Mefenamic acid inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1/COX-2), blocking pro-inflammatory and spasmogenic prostaglandin synthesis. Indicated for severe spasmodic dysmenorrhea, renal and ureteric colic, biliary colic, and acute spastic intestinal contractions.

Drotaverine Hydrochloride Tablets (40mg, 80mg) is an oral smooth muscle antispasmodic on the WHO Model List framework. As a selective PDE4 inhibitor, it relaxes visceral smooth muscle without anticholinergic activity, making it completely devoid of atropine-like adverse effects (no dry mouth, no urinary retention, no intraocular pressure elevation). Indicated for gastrointestinal spastic states (IBS, spastic colitis), biliary colic, cholecystitis, and ureteral colic.

Levosulpiride Tablets (25mg, 50mg, 75mg) is the pure levorotatory (S)-enantiomer of sulpiride, acting as a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist. In the gastrointestinal tract, it increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerates gastric emptying; centrally, it modulates mood and relieves visceral pain. Indicated for functional dyspepsia (postprandial distress syndrome), diabetic gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease unresponsive to standard prokinetics.

Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Formulations (4mg/8mg ODT, Oral Disintegrating Strips, and 2mg/5ml Solution) is a fast-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist designed for immediate buccal absorption without requiring water. It blocks peripheral vagal serotonin receptors in the gut and central CTZ receptors. Indicated for prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gastroenteritis-associated emesis in pediatric patients, and postoperative recovery.

Promethazine Injection (25mg/ml) is a parenteral phenothiazine derivative first-generation H1-antihistamine with potent central antiemetic, sedative, and anticholinergic properties on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks histamine H1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vestibular apparatus. Indicated for active treatment and prevention of severe nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, preoperative sedation, and acute allergic reactions.

Glycopyrrolate Injection (0.2mg/ml) is a synthetic quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors at peripheral autonomic effector sites without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Indicated for reduction of salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions preoperatively; intraoperative protection against bradycardia; reversal of neuromuscular blockade (with neostigmine); and acute peptic ulcer spasm adjunctive management.

Cinitapride Tablets (1mg) is a substituted benzamide gastroprokinetic agent. It acts as an agonist at 5-HT1 and 5-HT4 serotonergic receptors and an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors, stimulating gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction and accelerating gastric and colonic transit. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease and mild-to-moderate functional dyspepsia with impaired gastric emptying.

Ranitidine (150mg) and Domperidone (10mg) Tablets combines an H2-receptor antagonist with a peripheral prokinetic dopamine antagonist. Ranitidine reduces gastric acid volume and acidity, while domperidone accelerates gastric emptying and reinforces lower esophageal sphincter tone. Indicated for GERD, dyspepsia, hyperacidity, and heartburn accompanied by nausea or gastric stasis.

Mebeverine Hydrochloride Tablets (200mg) is an oral direct musculotropic antispasmodic on the WHO Model List framework. It normalizes colonic motility by selectively blocking sodium channels and inhibiting intracellular calcium influx and muscarinic depolarization on intestinal smooth muscle cells without anticholinergic side effects. Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and alternating diarrhea and constipation.

Acotiamide Tablets (100mg) is a first-in-class prokinetic that selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the stomach, enhancing endogenous acetylcholine release and physiological gastric accommodation and antral contractions without dopamine D2 or serotonin receptor activity. Indicated specifically for postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in functional dyspepsia (bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiety, and upper abdominal bloating).

Pantoprazole (40mg gastro-resistant) and Cinitapride (3mg sustained-release) combines an irreversible H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with a substituted benzamide prokinetic. Cinitapride acts as a 5-HT1 and 5-HT4 receptor agonist and a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, accelerating gastric emptying and colonic transit while improving lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, and functional dyspepsia when single agents are insufficient.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Tablets (10mg) is an oral synthetic tertiary amine antispasmodic. It possesses specific anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) and direct musculotropic relaxant effects on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, eliminating visceral spasms and hypermotility. Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional enterospasm, and abdominal cramping.

Drotaverine Hydrochloride Tablets (40mg, 80mg) is an oral smooth muscle antispasmodic on the WHO Model List framework. As a selective PDE4 inhibitor, it relaxes visceral smooth muscle without anticholinergic activity, making it completely devoid of atropine-like adverse effects (no dry mouth, no urinary retention, no intraocular pressure elevation). Indicated for gastrointestinal spastic states (IBS, spastic colitis), biliary colic, cholecystitis, and ureteral colic.

Hyoscine Butylbromide (10mg) and Mefenamic Acid (250mg) Tablets combines a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic antispasmodic with an NSAID analgesic. Hyoscine butylbromide exerts localized antispasmodic activity on gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary smooth muscle without central sedation, while mefenamic acid inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Indicated for severe spasmodic dysmenorrhea, acute abdominal colic, and renal colic.

Omeprazole (20mg gastro-resistant) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained-release) is a cornerstone fixed-dose PPI and prokinetic combination on the WHO Model List framework. Omeprazole irreversibly suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase. Domperidone blocks peripheral dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and gastrointestinal tract, stimulating gastric motility and preventing acid reflux. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and peptic ulcer disease accompanied by nausea, fullness, or vomiting.

Pantoprazole (20mg/40mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained/prolonged-release) is a fixed-dose combination antiulcer and prokinetic therapy. Pantoprazole irreversibly binds to the gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump on parietal cells, suppressing basal and stimulated hydrochloric acid secretion for >24 hours. Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that accelerates gastric emptying and increases lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, diabetic gastroparesis, and acid peptic disorders associated with nausea, fullness, or early satiety.

Levosulpiride Tablets (25mg, 50mg, 75mg) is the pure levorotatory (S)-enantiomer of sulpiride, acting as a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist. In the gastrointestinal tract, it increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerates gastric emptying; centrally, it modulates mood and relieves visceral pain. Indicated for functional dyspepsia (postprandial distress syndrome), diabetic gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease unresponsive to standard prokinetics.

Levosulpiride Tablets (25mg, 50mg, 75mg) is the pure levorotatory (S)-enantiomer of sulpiride, acting as a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist. In the gastrointestinal tract, it increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerates gastric emptying; centrally, it modulates mood and relieves visceral pain. Indicated for functional dyspepsia (postprandial distress syndrome), diabetic gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease unresponsive to standard prokinetics.

Domperidone (10mg) and Paracetamol (325mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose antiemetic and analgesic-antipyretic combination. Paracetamol provides centrally mediated analgesia and antipyresis via prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, while domperidone accelerates gastric emptying through peripheral dopamine D2 antagonism, counteracting migraine-induced gastric stasis and enhancing the absorption and therapeutic onset of paracetamol. Indicated for acute relief of headache, migraine attacks accompanied by nausea or vomiting, and febrile conditions with gastric fullness.

Cinnarizine (20mg) and Domperidone (15mg) Tablets is a dual-action vestibular sedative and antiemetic combination. Cinnarizine acts as a selective T-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker and H1-antihistamine, suppressing labyrinthine overstimulation in the inner ear. Domperidone blocks peripheral dopamine D2 receptors in the CTZ, preventing motion-induced and labyrinthine nausea. Indicated for vertigo, motion sickness, Meniere's disease, and peripheral vestibular disorders accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Formulations (4mg/8mg ODT, Oral Disintegrating Strips, and 2mg/5ml Solution) is a fast-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist designed for immediate buccal absorption without requiring water. It blocks peripheral vagal serotonin receptors in the gut and central CTZ receptors. Indicated for prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gastroenteritis-associated emesis in pediatric patients, and postoperative recovery.

Esomeprazole Magnesium (40mg enteric-coated) and Itopride Hydrochloride (150mg sustained-release) combines an S-isomer PPI with a dual D2-antagonist/acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting prokinetic. Provides potent, round-the-clock acid suppression along with enhanced physiological acetylcholine-mediated peristalsis without cardiac HERG channel interactions. Indicated for erosive GERD and functional dyspepsia.

Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Formulations (4mg/8mg ODT, Oral Disintegrating Strips, and 2mg/5ml Solution) is a fast-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist designed for immediate buccal absorption without requiring water. It blocks peripheral vagal serotonin receptors in the gut and central CTZ receptors. Indicated for prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gastroenteritis-associated emesis in pediatric patients, and postoperative recovery.

Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Formulations (4mg/8mg ODT, Oral Disintegrating Strips, and 2mg/5ml Solution) is a fast-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist designed for immediate buccal absorption without requiring water. It blocks peripheral vagal serotonin receptors in the gut and central CTZ receptors. Indicated for prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gastroenteritis-associated emesis in pediatric patients, and postoperative recovery.

Mebeverine Hydrochloride (135mg) and Chlordiazepoxide (5mg) Tablets is a fixed combination musculotropic antispasmodic and anxiolytic. Mebeverine acts directly on colonic smooth muscle cells, blocking voltage-operated sodium channels and preventing calcium influx without systemic anticholinergic effects. Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine that enhances GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the limbic system, reducing visceral hyperalgesia and brain-gut axis anxiety. Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) exacerbated by stress, anxiety-related spastic colon, and functional abdominal cramping.

Metoclopramide Tablets (10mg) and Syrup (5mg/5ml) is a central and peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist prokinetic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It enhances gastric motility and accelerates gastroduodenal emptying while suppressing nausea at the CTZ. Indicated for symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux, delayed gastric emptying (diabetic gastroparesis), and acute nausea and vomiting.

Pantoprazole (20mg/40mg enteric-coated) and Domperidone (10mg/30mg sustained/prolonged-release) is a fixed-dose combination antiulcer and prokinetic therapy. Pantoprazole irreversibly binds to the gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump on parietal cells, suppressing basal and stimulated hydrochloric acid secretion for >24 hours. Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that accelerates gastric emptying and increases lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, diabetic gastroparesis, and acid peptic disorders associated with nausea, fullness, or early satiety.

Drotaverine Hydrochloride Injection (40mg/2ml) is an injectable smooth muscle relaxant on the PMBI formulary. It selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme IV (PDE4) in smooth muscle cells, elevating intracellular cAMP and producing fast-acting spasmolysis in vascular, gastrointestinal, biliary, and urogenital smooth muscles. Indicated for acute renal colic, biliary colic, intestinal colic, and cervical spasm during active labor.

Ilaprazole (10mg gastro-resistant) and Domperidone (30mg prolonged-release) combines a next-generation substituted benzimidazole PPI with a prokinetic antiemetic. Ilaprazole exhibits an extended plasma elimination half-life (~7-8 hours vs 1-2 hours for older PPIs), producing deeper, longer nocturnal gastric acid control and superior intragastric pH > 4 holding time. Domperidone ensures enhanced gastric emptying and lower esophageal sphincter competency. Indicated for nocturnal acid breakthrough, severe erosive esophagitis, and refractory GERD with nausea.

Glycopyrrolate Tablets (1mg, 2mg) is an oral quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic on the PMBI formulary. It selectively blocks peripheral muscarinic receptors, markedly decreasing basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion and eliminating gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm without causing central anticholinergic effects (confusion, sedation). Indicated as adjunctive therapy in peptic ulcer disease, severe sialorrhea (drooling), and spastic gastrointestinal disorders.

Glycopyrrolate Tablets (1mg, 2mg) is an oral quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic on the PMBI formulary. It selectively blocks peripheral muscarinic receptors, markedly decreasing basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion and eliminating gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm without causing central anticholinergic effects (confusion, sedation). Indicated as adjunctive therapy in peptic ulcer disease, severe sialorrhea (drooling), and spastic gastrointestinal disorders.

Mosapride Citrate Tablets (5mg, alone or with Dimethicone 125mg chewable) is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist gastroprokinetic. It stimulates presynaptic 5-HT4 receptors on enteric cholinergic neurons to promote acetylcholine release, accelerating gastric emptying and duodenal transit without blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Indicated for functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis with delayed gastric emptying, and GERD. When combined with Dimethicone, it also relieves gas bloating and flatulence.

Mosapride Citrate Tablets (5mg, alone or with Dimethicone 125mg chewable) is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist gastroprokinetic. It stimulates presynaptic 5-HT4 receptors on enteric cholinergic neurons to promote acetylcholine release, accelerating gastric emptying and duodenal transit without blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Indicated for functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis with delayed gastric emptying, and GERD. When combined with Dimethicone, it also relieves gas bloating and flatulence.

Pantoprazole (40mg) and Mosapride (15mg) is a fixed-dose combination combining a proton pump inhibitor with a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist. Mosapride enhances acetylcholine release from postganglionic nerve endings of the enteric nervous system, promoting upper gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying without dopamine D2 blockade or cardiac HERG channel inhibition. Indicated for GERD, reflux esophagitis, and chronic gastritis with delayed gastric emptying.

Rabeprazole Sodium (20mg) and Mosapride Citrate (15mg) combines a rapid gastric acid suppressor with a selective 5-HT4 agonist prokinetic. It suppresses acid secretion while promoting gastric emptying and duodenal coordination, reducing acid contact time on esophageal mucosa. Indicated for GERD, reflux esophagitis, and chronic dyspepsia with dysmotility symptoms.