Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Formulations

Bleomycin Injection (15 IU) is a cytotoxic glycopeptide antibiotic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+) and molecular oxygen to form an activated pseudoperoxidase complex that cleaves single- and double-stranded DNA via free radical generation, arresting cells primarily in the G2 and M phases. Unlike most antineoplastics, it causes virtually no bone marrow suppression. Indicated for curative combination chemotherapy of testicular carcinoma (BEP regimen), Hodgkin lymphoma (ABVD regimen), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and head and neck.

Cisplatin Injection (10mg/10ml, 50mg/50ml) is a first-generation platinum coordination complex antineoplastic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It forms intrastrand and interstrand crosslinks with DNA purine bases (predominantly guanine-guanine), distorting the DNA helix, halting replication and transcription, and triggering p53-dependent apoptotic cell death. Indicated for treatment of metastatic testicular cancer, advanced ovarian cancer, advanced bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, non-small cell lung cancer, and cervical cancer.

Cisplatin Injection (10mg/10ml, 50mg/50ml) is a first-generation platinum coordination complex antineoplastic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It forms intrastrand and interstrand crosslinks with DNA purine bases (predominantly guanine-guanine), distorting the DNA helix, halting replication and transcription, and triggering p53-dependent apoptotic cell death. Indicated for treatment of metastatic testicular cancer, advanced ovarian cancer, advanced bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, non-small cell lung cancer, and cervical cancer.

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection (50mg / 2mg/ml) is a prototypical anthracycline cytotoxic antibiotic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts anti-tumor effects through three mechanisms: DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II inhibition leading to double-strand DNA breaks, and generation of iron-mediated reactive oxygen free radicals that damage cell membranes and cellular organelles. Indicated for breast carcinoma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic/myeloblastic leukemias, soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, and gastric cancer.

Etoposide Injection (100mg/5ml) and Capsules (50mg) is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It forms a ternary complex with DNA and topoisomerase II, preventing the re-ligation of cleaved DNA strands and causing permanent double-stranded breaks that arrest cells in late S and G2 phases. Indicated in combination chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), refractory testicular germ cell tumors, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and acute leukemias.

Gemcitabine Injection (200mg, 1000mg) is a difluoronucleoside pyrimidine antimetabolite on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is intracellularly phosphorylated to gemcitabine diphosphate (which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, depleting deoxynucleotide pools) and gemcitabine triphosphate (which incorporates into replicating DNA, adding one additional nucleotide before DNA polymerases stall completely, masked from proofreading repair enzymes). Indicated for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic breast cancer, and advanced ovarian and bladder carcinomas.

Gemcitabine Injection (200mg, 1000mg) is a difluoronucleoside pyrimidine antimetabolite on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is intracellularly phosphorylated to gemcitabine diphosphate (which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, depleting deoxynucleotide pools) and gemcitabine triphosphate (which incorporates into replicating DNA, adding one additional nucleotide before DNA polymerases stall completely, masked from proofreading repair enzymes). Indicated for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metastatic breast cancer, and advanced ovarian and bladder carcinomas.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Dacarbazine Injection (200mg) is an alkylating triazene antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Following hepatic CYP1A bioactivation, it degrades to diazomethane and active 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC), generating reactive methonium ions that alkylate DNA at O-6 and N-7 guanine positions. Indicated as a fundamental component of the ABVD regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic malignant melanoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.

Daunorubicin Hydrochloride Injection (20mg) is an anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It intercalates between DNA base pairs and inhibits topoisomerase II, producing cytotoxic double-strand DNA breaks. Indicated in combination with cytarabine ("7+3" induction regimen) for remission induction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).

Oxaliplatin Injection (50mg) is a third-generation diaminocyclohexane (DACH) platinum antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. The bulky DACH ring forms platinum-DNA adducts that circumvent standard mismatch repair mechanisms and overcome cross-resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. Indicated in combination with infusional 5-FU/leucovorin (FOLFOX regimen) for adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Paclitaxel Injection (100mg / 6mg/ml) is a plant alkaloid taxane antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds with high affinity to the beta-tubulin subunit of microtubules, promoting microtubule assembly and preventing microtubule depolymerization. This stabilizes the microtubule polymer network, freezing the mitotic spindle apparatus and blocking cell cycle progression at the metaphase/anaphase transition, inducing apoptosis. Indicated for advanced ovarian carcinoma, node-positive breast cancer, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Injection (500mg) is a fluorinated pyrimidine antimetabolite on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is intracellularly converted to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), which forms a stable ternary complex with thymidylate synthase (TS) and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (potentiated by leucovorin), blocking thymidylate and DNA synthesis. Indicated for colorectal carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and head and neck cancers.

Carboplatin Injection (150mg, 450mg) is a second-generation platinum antineoplastic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It incorporates a bidentate cyclobutanedicarboxylate leaving group that slows activation kinetics, producing DNA crosslinks similar to cisplatin but with dramatically reduced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and emetogenicity. Dosing is individualized using the Calvert formula: Total Dose (mg) = Target AUC × (GFR + 25). Indicated for initial and palliative chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck neoplasms.

Carboplatin Injection (150mg, 450mg) is a second-generation platinum antineoplastic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It incorporates a bidentate cyclobutanedicarboxylate leaving group that slows activation kinetics, producing DNA crosslinks similar to cisplatin but with dramatically reduced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and emetogenicity. Dosing is individualized using the Calvert formula: Total Dose (mg) = Target AUC × (GFR + 25). Indicated for initial and palliative chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck neoplasms.

Cyclophosphamide Injection (500mg) is an oxazaphosphorine nitrogen mustard alkylating prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. In the liver, CYP2B6 oxidizes it to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which spontaneously decomposes into phosphoramide mustard (the active alkylating moiety that forms crosslinks at guanine N-7 positions in DNA) and acrolein (a toxic metabolite excreted in urine). Indicated for non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas, acute and chronic leukemias, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and severe autoimmune diseases (lupus nephritis).

Hydroxyurea / Hydroxycarbamide Capsules (500mg) is an oral ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively inactivates the tyrosyl free radical of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, blocking conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and inhibiting DNA synthesis without interfering with RNA or protein synthesis. In sickle cell disease, it stimulates fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis. Indicated for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast phase/cytoreduction, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and sickle cell anemia.

Ifosfamide Injection (1gm) is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent related to cyclophosphamide on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It requires hepatic CYP3A4 bioactivation to ifosforamide mustard, which crosslinks DNA strands, and produces substantial quantities of toxic acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde. Indicated in combination with other antineoplastics for testicular cancer, soft tissue and bone sarcomas (Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and small cell lung cancer.

Docetaxel Injection (80mg, 120mg) is a semi-synthetic taxane antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to free tubulin and stabilizes microtubule bundles, inhibiting mitotic spindle dissolution with approximately double the tubulin-binding affinity of paclitaxel. Indicated for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (with prednisone), gastric adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Docetaxel Injection (80mg, 120mg) is a semi-synthetic taxane antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds to free tubulin and stabilizes microtubule bundles, inhibiting mitotic spindle dissolution with approximately double the tubulin-binding affinity of paclitaxel. Indicated for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (with prednisone), gastric adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Pemetrexed Injection (100mg, 500mg) is a pyrrolopyrimidine-based multi-targeted antifolate antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It simultaneously inhibits three key enzymes required for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis: thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). Indicated in combination with cisplatin (and as maintenance monotherapy) for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Pemetrexed Injection (100mg, 500mg) is a pyrrolopyrimidine-based multi-targeted antifolate antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It simultaneously inhibits three key enzymes required for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis: thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). Indicated in combination with cisplatin (and as maintenance monotherapy) for locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Temozolomide Capsules (20mg, 100mg, 250mg) is an oral imidazotetrazine alkylating prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Unlike dacarbazine, it does not require hepatic enzymatic activation; at physiological systemic pH (7.4), it undergoes spontaneous non-enzymatic conversion to active MTIC, which methylates DNA at the O-6 and N-7 positions of guanine. O-6 methylguanine mispairs with thymine during replication, triggering repetitive futile mismatch repair cycles that culminate in lethal double-strand DNA breaks. Excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. Indicated for newly diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (concomitant with radiotherapy and adjuvant maintenance, the Stupp protocol) and refractory anaplastic astrocytoma.

Temozolomide Capsules (20mg, 100mg, 250mg) is an oral imidazotetrazine alkylating prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Unlike dacarbazine, it does not require hepatic enzymatic activation; at physiological systemic pH (7.4), it undergoes spontaneous non-enzymatic conversion to active MTIC, which methylates DNA at the O-6 and N-7 positions of guanine. O-6 methylguanine mispairs with thymine during replication, triggering repetitive futile mismatch repair cycles that culminate in lethal double-strand DNA breaks. Excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. Indicated for newly diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (concomitant with radiotherapy and adjuvant maintenance, the Stupp protocol) and refractory anaplastic astrocytoma.

Capecitabine Tablets (500mg) is an orally administered fluoropyrimidine carbamate prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It undergoes three-step sequential enzymatic activation: hepatic carboxylesterase hydrolyzes it to 5'-DFCR, cytidine deaminase converts it to 5'-DFUR, and thymidine phosphorylase (which is expressed at significantly higher concentrations in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues) converts it to active 5-FU. This tumor-selective activation delivers high intratumoral fluorouracil concentrations while minimizing systemic toxicity. Indicated for adjuvant and metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes, and advanced gastric cancer.

Etoposide Injection (100mg/5ml) and Capsules (50mg) is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It forms a ternary complex with DNA and topoisomerase II, preventing the re-ligation of cleaved DNA strands and causing permanent double-stranded breaks that arrest cells in late S and G2 phases. Indicated in combination chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), refractory testicular germ cell tumors, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and acute leukemias.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methotrexate Tablets (2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg) is an oral antifolate antimetabolite and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits DHFR and suppresses inflammatory purine pathways, inhibiting AICAR transformylase and promoting extracellular adenosine release, which potently dampens immune cell activation. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, severe recalcitrant psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Temozolomide Capsules (20mg, 100mg, 250mg) is an oral imidazotetrazine alkylating prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Unlike dacarbazine, it does not require hepatic enzymatic activation; at physiological systemic pH (7.4), it undergoes spontaneous non-enzymatic conversion to active MTIC, which methylates DNA at the O-6 and N-7 positions of guanine. O-6 methylguanine mispairs with thymine during replication, triggering repetitive futile mismatch repair cycles that culminate in lethal double-strand DNA breaks. Excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. Indicated for newly diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (concomitant with radiotherapy and adjuvant maintenance, the Stupp protocol) and refractory anaplastic astrocytoma.

Methotrexate Injection (25mg/ml, 50mg/2ml) is an antifolate antimetabolite on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively and irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), halting the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (FH4) and blocking de novo synthesis of thymidylate and purine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. Indicated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, breast cancer, head and neck carcinomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and severe recalcitrant psoriasis/rheumatoid arthritis.

Methotrexate Injection (25mg/ml, 50mg/2ml) is an antifolate antimetabolite on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively and irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), halting the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (FH4) and blocking de novo synthesis of thymidylate and purine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. Indicated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, breast cancer, head and neck carcinomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and severe recalcitrant psoriasis/rheumatoid arthritis.

Vincristine Sulfate Injection (1mg) is a natural vinca alkaloid antineoplastic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It binds specifically to tubulin dimers, preventing their polymerization into microtubules and causing mitotic spindle dissolution, arresting proliferating cells in metaphase (M phase). Indicated as an essential backbone component for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms tumor.