Antianginal & Vasodilators

Adenosine Injection 6 mg per 2ml is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Diltiazem Tablets 30 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Diltiazem Tablets 60 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Dobutamine Injection 250mg per 20ml (for Intravenous Infusion) is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Dopamine Hydrochloride Injection 200 mg per 5ml is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Isosorbide Dinitrate Tablets 10mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Atropine Sulphate Injection 0.6mg per ml is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Diltiazem Sustained Release Tablets 90 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Digoxin is a purified cardiac glycoside extracted from Digitalis lanata on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It reversibly inhibits the sarcolemmal Na+/K+-ATPase pump in cardiomyocytes, raising intracellular sodium and driving sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) to increase intracellular calcium, producing positive inotropic action (increased myocardial contractility). It also stimulates central vagal nuclei, slowing AV nodal conduction and ventricular rate. Indicated for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation.

Amiodarone Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum Class III antiarrhythmic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It predominantly blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, prolonging myocardial action potential duration and effective refractory period across all cardiac tissues, while also exhibiting Class I (sodium channel block), Class II (antiadrenergic non-competitive beta-block), and Class IV (calcium channel block) actions. Features an enormous volume of distribution and an elimination half-life of 40 to 60 days. Indicated for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation/flutter).

Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained Release Tablets 30 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Isosorbide Dinitrate Tablets 5 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Verapamil Tablets 80 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Adenosine Injection 3mg per ml is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl Trinitrate) is an organic nitrate vasodilator on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is denitrated intracellularly to release nitric oxide (NO), stimulating guanylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic GMP, and activating protein kinase G, producing profound relaxation of vascular smooth muscle with preferential dilation of large systemic veins (reducing cardiac preload and myocardial oxygen demand) and epicardial coronary arteries. Indicated for acute relief and prophylaxis of angina pectoris attacks, perioperative hypertension, and acute pulmonary edema.

Isosorbidemononitrate Tablets 20mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride Tablets 10mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride is a myocardial metabolic anti-ischemic agent. It selectively inhibits the enzyme 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase (3-KAT) in cardiac mitochondria, suppressing fatty acid beta-oxidation and shifting energy metabolism towards glucose oxidation. Glucose oxidation requires less oxygen consumption per unit of ATP produced, preserving myocardial cellular high-energy phosphate (ATP and phosphocreatine) levels during ischemia without altering heart rate, blood pressure, or coronary hemodynamics. Indicated as add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of adult patients with stable angina pectoris inadequately controlled by or intolerant to first-line therapies.

Terlipressin Injection 1000 mcg (1 mg/10ml) is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Amiodarone Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum Class III antiarrhythmic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It predominantly blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, prolonging myocardial action potential duration and effective refractory period across all cardiac tissues, while also exhibiting Class I (sodium channel block), Class II (antiadrenergic non-competitive beta-block), and Class IV (calcium channel block) actions. Features an enormous volume of distribution and an elimination half-life of 40 to 60 days. Indicated for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation/flutter).

Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended Release Capsules 120 mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Isosorbide 20mg + Hydralazine 37.5mg Tablets is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Ivabradine Hydrochloride is a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively and specifically inhibits the cardiac pacemaker If ("funny") current in the sinoatrial node, slowing diastolic depolarization and reducing resting and exercise heart rates in a dose-dependent manner without affecting ventricular repolarization, myocardial contractility, intracardiac conduction, or blood pressure. Indicated for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, NYHA II-IV, LVEF <= 35%, sinus rhythm, HR >= 70 bpm) and symptomatic management of chronic stable angina.

Nicorandil is a dual-action antianginal agent possessing both ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K_ATP) opening and nitrate-like vasodilating properties. By opening sarcolemmal K_ATP channels, it hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle membranes, dilating coronary arterioles and reducing cardiac afterload, while its nitrate moiety stimulates guanylate cyclase to dilate systemic veins and reduce preload. Also provides cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning. Indicated for the prevention and long-term treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.

Nicorandil is a dual-action antianginal agent possessing both ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K_ATP) opening and nitrate-like vasodilating properties. By opening sarcolemmal K_ATP channels, it hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle membranes, dilating coronary arterioles and reducing cardiac afterload, while its nitrate moiety stimulates guanylate cyclase to dilate systemic veins and reduce preload. Also provides cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning. Indicated for the prevention and long-term treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.

Ranolazine is a piperazine derivative late sodium current (I_Na,late) inhibitor. In ischemic cardiomyocytes, pathological enhancement of late sodium influx leads to intracellular sodium accumulation, triggering the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and causing toxic intracellular calcium overload, diastolic left ventricular wall tension, and microvascular compression. Ranolazine selectively inhibits I_Na,late, attenuating calcium overload and improving diastolic myocardial perfusion without lowering heart rate or blood pressure. Indicated for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.

Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride is a myocardial metabolic anti-ischemic agent. It selectively inhibits the enzyme 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase (3-KAT) in cardiac mitochondria, suppressing fatty acid beta-oxidation and shifting energy metabolism towards glucose oxidation. Glucose oxidation requires less oxygen consumption per unit of ATP produced, preserving myocardial cellular high-energy phosphate (ATP and phosphocreatine) levels during ischemia without altering heart rate, blood pressure, or coronary hemodynamics. Indicated as add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of adult patients with stable angina pectoris inadequately controlled by or intolerant to first-line therapies.

Ranolazine is a piperazine derivative late sodium current (I_Na,late) inhibitor. In ischemic cardiomyocytes, pathological enhancement of late sodium influx leads to intracellular sodium accumulation, triggering the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and causing toxic intracellular calcium overload, diastolic left ventricular wall tension, and microvascular compression. Ranolazine selectively inhibits I_Na,late, attenuating calcium overload and improving diastolic myocardial perfusion without lowering heart rate or blood pressure. Indicated for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.

Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained release Tablets 50mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl Trinitrate) is an organic nitrate vasodilator on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is denitrated intracellularly to release nitric oxide (NO), stimulating guanylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic GMP, and activating protein kinase G, producing profound relaxation of vascular smooth muscle with preferential dilation of large systemic veins (reducing cardiac preload and myocardial oxygen demand) and epicardial coronary arteries. Indicated for acute relief and prophylaxis of angina pectoris attacks, perioperative hypertension, and acute pulmonary edema.

Verapamil Tablets 40mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Verapamil Hydrochloride Prolonged Release 120mg Tablets is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF; Diosmin 90% and Hesperidin 10%) is an oral phlebotropic and vascular-protective agent. Micronization reduces particle size (< 2 micrometers), drastically enhancing intestinal absorption. It increases venous tone by prolonging noradrenergic activity on venous walls, enhances lymphatic drainage, protects microvascular capillaries against hyperpermeability, and inhibits leukocyte adhesion and activation, mitigating chronic venous inflammation. Indicated for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI; varicose veins, venous ulcers, heaviness, leg swelling) and acute hemorrhoidal attacks.

Caffeine Citrate is a central nervous system methylxanthine stimulant on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively antagonizes adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, stimulating respiratory drive in the medullary respiratory center, increasing sensitivity to hypercapnia, enhancing diaphragm contractility, and stimulating central inspiratory neuron activity. Indicated for the short-term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and < 33 weeks gestational age.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Endothelin-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen; ERAs selectively or dualistically block endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, reversing pulmonary vasoconstriction, inhibiting vascular remodeling, and reducing pulmonary vascular resistance. Indicated for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Endothelin-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen; ERAs selectively or dualistically block endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, reversing pulmonary vasoconstriction, inhibiting vascular remodeling, and reducing pulmonary vascular resistance. Indicated for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Midodrine Hydrochloride is an oral prodrug that is enzymatically hydrolyzed by systemic deglycination to desglymidodrine, a potent, selective, peripherally-acting alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. It acts directly on alpha-1 receptors of arteriolar and venous vasculature to increase vascular tone and total peripheral resistance, elevating systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reducing venous pooling. Indicated for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are considerably impaired despite standard clinical care.

Midodrine Hydrochloride is an oral prodrug that is enzymatically hydrolyzed by systemic deglycination to desglymidodrine, a potent, selective, peripherally-acting alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. It acts directly on alpha-1 receptors of arteriolar and venous vasculature to increase vascular tone and total peripheral resistance, elevating systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reducing venous pooling. Indicated for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are considerably impaired despite standard clinical care.

Midodrine Hydrochloride is an oral prodrug that is enzymatically hydrolyzed by systemic deglycination to desglymidodrine, a potent, selective, peripherally-acting alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. It acts directly on alpha-1 receptors of arteriolar and venous vasculature to increase vascular tone and total peripheral resistance, elevating systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reducing venous pooling. Indicated for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are considerably impaired despite standard clinical care.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Endothelin-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen; ERAs selectively or dualistically block endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, reversing pulmonary vasoconstriction, inhibiting vascular remodeling, and reducing pulmonary vascular resistance. Indicated for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Endothelin-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen; ERAs selectively or dualistically block endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, reversing pulmonary vasoconstriction, inhibiting vascular remodeling, and reducing pulmonary vascular resistance. Indicated for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Endothelin-1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen; ERAs selectively or dualistically block endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, reversing pulmonary vasoconstriction, inhibiting vascular remodeling, and reducing pulmonary vascular resistance. Indicated for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Selexipag is an orally active, selective, non-prostanoid prostacyclin (IP) receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 1 into an active metabolite with 37-fold higher potency. Stimulation of the IP receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, elevating intracellular cyclic AMP and producing potent pulmonary vasodilation and anti-proliferative effects. Indicated for the long-term treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to delay disease progression and reduce hospitalization.

Selexipag is an orally active, selective, non-prostanoid prostacyclin (IP) receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 1 into an active metabolite with 37-fold higher potency. Stimulation of the IP receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, elevating intracellular cyclic AMP and producing potent pulmonary vasodilation and anti-proliferative effects. Indicated for the long-term treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH, WHO Group 1) to delay disease progression and reduce hospitalization.

Sildenafil Tablets 20mg is an evidence-based cardiovascular and hemodynamic pharmaceutical formulation. It acts by modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, autonomic receptors, or fluid-electrolyte balance to manage cardiovascular disease.

Flecainide Acetate is a potent Class Ic membrane-stabilizing antiarrhythmic agent. It potently and selectively blocks voltage-gated cardiac fast sodium channels (Nav1.5) with slow binding and unbinding kinetics, markedly depressing phase 0 depolarization and significantly slowing conduction velocity throughout the His-Purkinje system and ventricular myocardium with minimal effect on repolarization. Indicated for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter in patients without structural heart disease, and life-threatening sustained ventricular arrhythmias.

Flecainide Acetate is a potent Class Ic membrane-stabilizing antiarrhythmic agent. It potently and selectively blocks voltage-gated cardiac fast sodium channels (Nav1.5) with slow binding and unbinding kinetics, markedly depressing phase 0 depolarization and significantly slowing conduction velocity throughout the His-Purkinje system and ventricular myocardium with minimal effect on repolarization. Indicated for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter in patients without structural heart disease, and life-threatening sustained ventricular arrhythmias.