Clinical Electrolytes & Hydration

Mannitol Injection / Infusion (20% w/v, 100ml, 350ml) is an intravenous non-metabolizable hexitol osmotic diuretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It increases blood osmolality, establishing an osmotic gradient that draws water from intracellular and interstitial spaces of parenchymal tissues (particularly the brain and eye) into the intravascular compartment. In renal tubules, it remains unabsorbed, exerting an osmotic force that prevents water reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle, promoting marked water diuresis. Indicated for reduction of dangerously elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury, acute stroke, and neurosurgery, and rapid reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Mannitol Injection / Infusion (20% w/v, 100ml, 350ml) is an intravenous non-metabolizable hexitol osmotic diuretic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It increases blood osmolality, establishing an osmotic gradient that draws water from intracellular and interstitial spaces of parenchymal tissues (particularly the brain and eye) into the intravascular compartment. In renal tubules, it remains unabsorbed, exerting an osmotic force that prevents water reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle, promoting marked water diuresis. Indicated for reduction of dangerously elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury, acute stroke, and neurosurgery, and rapid reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Oral Rehydration Salts IP (WHO Low-Osmolarity Formula Sachet 20.5g/21g, Ready-to-Drink Liquid) is a lifesaving balanced glucose-electrolyte formulation on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Engineered with a reduced osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L, optimizing the 1:1 molar ratio of glucose and sodium in the intestinal lumen to harness the intact SGLT-1 (sodium-glucose cotransporter) pump in intestinal enterocytes. For every glucose molecule absorbed, water and sodium are actively cotransported across the brush border into circulation even during massive secretory cholera or rotaviral diarrhea. Indicated for prevention and treatment of dehydration caused by acute diarrhea, gastroenteritis, cholera, and heat exhaustion in children and adults.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Ringer's Lactate IV Infusion (Hartmann's Solution 500ml) is a sterile, balanced, isotonic crystalloid solution on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate in physiological concentrations approximating human extracellular fluid (osmolarity ~273 mOsm/L). Lactate ions are metabolized in the liver via gluconeogenesis and the citric acid cycle into bicarbonate ions, gently buffering metabolic acidosis without the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with normal saline. Indicated for replacement of extracellular fluid and electrolyte losses in acute hypovolemic shock, major burns, acute hemorrhage, intraoperative fluid maintenance, and surgical dehydration.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

Amino Acid Solution for IV Infusion is a sterile parenteral mixture of essential and non-essential crystalline L-amino acids on the WHO Model List framework. Provides building blocks for biological protein synthesis, prevents muscle catabolism, and maintains positive nitrogen balance. Indicated for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in patients unable to absorb nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract due to severe malabsorption, short bowel syndrome, bowel perforation, severe pancreatitis, or major surgical catabolism.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.

L- Ornithine L-Aspartate Infusion 5gm per 10ml is an established pharmaceutical and nutritional agent in the Vitamins, Minerals & Nutrition category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide micronutrient replenishment, metabolic support, or nutritional therapy according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Iron Sucrose Injection (20mg/ml elemental iron, 100mg/5ml ampoule) is a sterile parenteral polynuclear iron(III)-hydroxide sucrose complex on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exhibits high thermodynamic stability and low toxicity, delivering bioavailable iron directly to transferrin and bone marrow erythroblasts with a very low incidence of anaphylaxis compared to iron dextran. Indicated for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis-dependent and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease, severe gestational anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and surgical blood management.

Oral Rehydration Salt (Liquid form) is an established pharmaceutical and nutritional agent in the Vitamins, Minerals & Nutrition category on the PMBI National Formulary. Formulated to provide micronutrient replenishment, metabolic support, or nutritional therapy according to verified pharmacopoeial standards.

Oral Rehydration Salts IP (WHO Low-Osmolarity Formula Sachet 20.5g/21g, Ready-to-Drink Liquid) is a lifesaving balanced glucose-electrolyte formulation on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Engineered with a reduced osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L, optimizing the 1:1 molar ratio of glucose and sodium in the intestinal lumen to harness the intact SGLT-1 (sodium-glucose cotransporter) pump in intestinal enterocytes. For every glucose molecule absorbed, water and sodium are actively cotransported across the brush border into circulation even during massive secretory cholera or rotaviral diarrhea. Indicated for prevention and treatment of dehydration caused by acute diarrhea, gastroenteritis, cholera, and heat exhaustion in children and adults.

Magnesium Sulphate Injection (50% w/v) is a parenteral electrolyte and neuroprotective anticonvulsant on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. In obstetrics, it blocks NMDA glutamate receptors in the CNS, inhibits acetylcholine release at motor endplates, and produces cerebral vasodilation, suppressing seizures. Indicated as the gold standard for prevention and treatment of eclamptic seizures in pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, acute severe hypomagnesemia, and life-threatening Torsades de Pointes ventricular arrhythmias.