Glaucoma Drops & Pressure Reducers

Timolol Maleate (0.5% w/v) is a non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors on non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, inhibiting cyclic AMP synthesis and reducing aqueous humor secretion by 30-50% without altering pupillary size or accommodation. Indicated for lowering elevated intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (2% w/v eye drops) is a direct parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) miotic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It stimulates muscarinic receptors on the pupillary sphincter muscle (causing miosis) and the ciliary muscle (causing contraction that pulls the scleral spur and opens the trabecular meshwork), facilitating aqueous outflow. Indicated for acute angle-closure glaucoma emergency management, chronic open-angle glaucoma, and reversal of mydriasis.

Bimatoprost (0.01%, 0.03% w/v, alone or with Timolol 0.5%) is a synthetic prostamide (cyclopentane amide) ocular hypotensive agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It structurally mimics endogenous prostamides, binding to unique prostamide receptors to simultaneously increase both trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow, achieving powerful intraocular pressure reduction. Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Bimatoprost (0.01%, 0.03% w/v, alone or with Timolol 0.5%) is a synthetic prostamide (cyclopentane amide) ocular hypotensive agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It structurally mimics endogenous prostamides, binding to unique prostamide receptors to simultaneously increase both trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow, achieving powerful intraocular pressure reduction. Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Timolol Maleate (0.5% w/v) is a non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors on non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, inhibiting cyclic AMP synthesis and reducing aqueous humor secretion by 30-50% without altering pupillary size or accommodation. Indicated for lowering elevated intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Brimonidine Tartrate (0.1%, 0.2% w/v, alone or with Timolol/Brinzolamide) is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts a dual mechanism: reducing aqueous humor production via alpha-2-mediated adenylyl cyclase inhibition in ciliary epithelium, and stimulating uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow via prostaglandin release. Also demonstrates retinal ganglion cell neuroprotective properties. Indicated for lowering intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Timolol Maleate (0.5% w/v) is a non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors on non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, inhibiting cyclic AMP synthesis and reducing aqueous humor secretion by 30-50% without altering pupillary size or accommodation. Indicated for lowering elevated intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Dorzolamide 2% or Brinzolamide 1% suspension, alone or with Timolol) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) in the ciliary processes, slowing bicarbonate ion formation and reducing active sodium and fluid transport, thereby diminishing aqueous humor secretion by up to 20-30%. Indicated for intraocular pressure reduction in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Travoprost (0.004% w/v, alone or with Timolol 0.5%) is a synthetic prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue and full selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It significantly enhances uveoscleral aqueous outflow. Indicated for lowering intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Dorzolamide 2% or Brinzolamide 1% suspension, alone or with Timolol) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It inhibits carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) in the ciliary processes, slowing bicarbonate ion formation and reducing active sodium and fluid transport, thereby diminishing aqueous humor secretion by up to 20-30%. Indicated for intraocular pressure reduction in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Bimatoprost (0.01%, 0.03% w/v, alone or with Timolol 0.5%) is a synthetic prostamide (cyclopentane amide) ocular hypotensive agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It structurally mimics endogenous prostamides, binding to unique prostamide receptors to simultaneously increase both trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow, achieving powerful intraocular pressure reduction. Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Brimonidine Tartrate (0.1%, 0.2% w/v, alone or with Timolol/Brinzolamide) is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts a dual mechanism: reducing aqueous humor production via alpha-2-mediated adenylyl cyclase inhibition in ciliary epithelium, and stimulating uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow via prostaglandin release. Also demonstrates retinal ganglion cell neuroprotective properties. Indicated for lowering intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Travoprost (0.004% w/v, alone or with Timolol 0.5%) is a synthetic prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue and full selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It significantly enhances uveoscleral aqueous outflow. Indicated for lowering intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Latanoprost and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic solution is a fixed-combination ocular hypotensive therapy. Latanoprost (0.005%), a prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue, increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor, while timolol (0.5%), a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, reduces aqueous humor production in the ciliary processes. Combining these two complementary mechanisms achieves substantial, sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Indicated for the reduction of elevated IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to topical monotherapy.

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (5 mg tablets) is an oral direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic agonist. It stimulates muscarinic M3 receptors on exocrine glands, dramatically stimulating salivary and lacrimal secretion. Indicated for the treatment of severe xerostomia (dry mouth) caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and dry mouth/eyes associated with Sjogren's syndrome.

Latanoprost (0.005% w/v) is a synthetic prostaglandin F2-alpha isopropyl ester prodrug on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Following corneal penetration, it is hydrolyzed by corneal esterases to active latanoprost acid, a selective prostanoid FP receptor agonist that remodels the extracellular matrix of the ciliary muscle, dramatically enhancing uveoscleral aqueous humor outflow without altering aqueous production. Indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.