Addiction & Cessation Therapies

Disulfiram is an alcohol-deterrent agent that acts by irreversibly inhibiting the hepatic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Ingestion of alcohol during therapy causes a 5- to 10-fold accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde in the blood, precipitating an immediate, intensely unpleasant disulfiram-alcohol reaction (flushing, throbbing headache, palpitations, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, hypotension). Indicated as an adjunct in the comprehensive management of chronic alcoholism to support enforced abstinence.

Nicotine Polacrilex (Chewing Gum / Orally Disintegrating Strips) is a form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It delivers controlled, low doses of medicinal nicotine systemically across the buccal mucosa without the carcinogenic tars, carbon monoxide, or combustion toxins of tobacco smoke, binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain to relieve withdrawal symptoms and craving. Indicated as an aid in smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction.

Nicotine Polacrilex (Chewing Gum / Orally Disintegrating Strips) is a form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It delivers controlled, low doses of medicinal nicotine systemically across the buccal mucosa without the carcinogenic tars, carbon monoxide, or combustion toxins of tobacco smoke, binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain to relieve withdrawal symptoms and craving. Indicated as an aid in smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction.

Nicotine Polacrilex (Chewing Gum / Orally Disintegrating Strips) is a form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It delivers controlled, low doses of medicinal nicotine systemically across the buccal mucosa without the carcinogenic tars, carbon monoxide, or combustion toxins of tobacco smoke, binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain to relieve withdrawal symptoms and craving. Indicated as an aid in smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction.

Acamprosate Calcium (calcium bis-acetylhomotaurinate) is a neuromodulator on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for alcohol dependence. Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts the balance between central excitation and inhibition; acamprosate restores this equilibrium by antagonizing hyperactive NMDA glutamate receptors and modulating GABAA neurotransmission, substantially reducing post-abstinence neurobiological craving and withdrawal distress. Indicated for the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients.

Naltrexone Hydrochloride is a pure, long-acting competitive opioid receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It competitively binds to mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in the brain, completely blocking the subjective euphoric and rewarding effects of exogenous opioids and diminishing alcohol craving by blocking endogenous opioid release triggered by alcohol consumption. Indicated for the treatment of alcohol dependence and prevention of relapse in opioid dependence following comprehensive detoxification.