Overactive Bladder & Antispasmodics

Flavoxate Tablets (200mg) is a synthetic flavone direct musculotropic urinary antispasmodic on the PMBI formulary. It acts directly on detrusor smooth muscle cells via cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibition and local calcium antagonism, eliminating hyperreflexic contractions and bladder spasms without blocking muscarinic receptors (devoid of atropine-like anticholinergic side effects such as severe dry mouth or tachycardia). Indicated for symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, nocturia, suprapubic pain, and urinary frequency associated with cystitis, urethritis, trigonitis, and transurethral instrumentation.

Ofloxacin (200mg) and Flavoxate (200mg) Tablets is a fixed-dose urinary antimicrobial and smooth muscle antispasmodic combination. Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, bactericidal against common uropathogens (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella). Flavoxate is a flavone-derivative antispasmodic that directly relaxes urinary tract smooth muscle via phosphodiesterase inhibition and intracellular calcium modulation, rapidly relieving burning, frequency, and painful trigonal spasms. Indicated for complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs, cystitis, prostatitis) accompanied by severe dysuria, frequency, and vesical tenesmus.

Darifenacin Prolonged-Release Tablets (7.5mg) is a potent, selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist on the PMBI formulary. It exhibits >9-fold higher selectivity for M3 receptors (responsible for bladder detrusor contraction and salivary flow) over M1 and M2 receptors (responsible for cardiac chronotropy and cognitive function), effectively reducing bladder spasms while sparing cardiac rate and central cognitive faculties. Indicated for the treatment of Overactive Bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency.

Mirabegron Extended-Release Tablets (25mg, 50mg) is a first-in-class, potent and selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder (OAB). In the urinary bladder, it stimulates beta-3 adrenergic receptors on the detrusor muscle during the urine storage phase, activating adenylyl cyclase and raising cyclic AMP, relaxing detrusor muscle tone and increasing bladder storage capacity without anticholinergic dry mouth, constipation, or cognitive impairment. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of urgency, increased micturition frequency, and urgency incontinence associated with Overactive Bladder.

Mirabegron Extended-Release Tablets (25mg, 50mg) is a first-in-class, potent and selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder (OAB). In the urinary bladder, it stimulates beta-3 adrenergic receptors on the detrusor muscle during the urine storage phase, activating adenylyl cyclase and raising cyclic AMP, relaxing detrusor muscle tone and increasing bladder storage capacity without anticholinergic dry mouth, constipation, or cognitive impairment. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of urgency, increased micturition frequency, and urgency incontinence associated with Overactive Bladder.

Solifenacin Succinate Tablets (5mg, 10mg) is a competitive, selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder. It exhibits higher affinity for muscarinic M3 receptors over M1 and M2 subtypes, specifically blocking parasympathetic acetylcholine transmission in the bladder detrusor muscle to suppress involuntary detrusor contractions and increase bladder compliance and volume to first micturition. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of urge incontinence and/or increased urinary frequency and urgency in Overactive Bladder syndrome.

Solifenacin Succinate Tablets (5mg, 10mg) is a competitive, selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder. It exhibits higher affinity for muscarinic M3 receptors over M1 and M2 subtypes, specifically blocking parasympathetic acetylcholine transmission in the bladder detrusor muscle to suppress involuntary detrusor contractions and increase bladder compliance and volume to first micturition. Indicated for symptomatic treatment of urge incontinence and/or increased urinary frequency and urgency in Overactive Bladder syndrome.

Tolterodine Tartrate Extended-Release Capsules (2mg, 4mg) is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder. It targets muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors in the urinary bladder with functional organ selectivity over salivary glands, suppressing involuntary detrusor contractions while allowing normal voluntary voiding. Indicated for treatment of Overactive Bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency.

Tolterodine Tartrate Extended-Release Capsules (2mg, 4mg) is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist on the WHO Model List framework for Overactive Bladder. It targets muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors in the urinary bladder with functional organ selectivity over salivary glands, suppressing involuntary detrusor contractions while allowing normal voluntary voiding. Indicated for treatment of Overactive Bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency.

Desmopressin Tablets (0.1mg) is a synthetic structural analogue of the endogenous neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormone (8-arginine vasopressin) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Deamination of 1-cysteine and substitution with D-arginine enhances selective antidiuretic V2 receptor agonism by ~300-fold in renal collecting ducts while eliminating vasopressor V1a arterial constriction. Stimulates aquaporin-2 water channel insertion, dramatically increasing water reabsorption and reducing nocturnal urine production. Indicated for primary nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children >=5 years, central diabetes insipidus, and nocturnal polyuria in adults.

Oxybutynin Chloride Tablets (2.5mg) is a classic synthetic tertiary amine antispasmodic and competitive muscarinic antagonist on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It exerts a dual action: competitive antagonism of muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors, plus a direct musculotropic papaverine-like relaxant effect on smooth muscle cells. Indicated for relief of symptoms of bladder instability associated with voiding in patients with neurogenic bladder (hyperreflexia), spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and idiopathic overactive bladder.

Bethanechol Chloride Tablets (25mg) is a synthetic choline ester direct-acting parasympathomimetic agent on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It selectively stimulates muscarinic M3 and M2 receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system with negligible nicotinic activity and complete resistance to degradation by acetylcholinesterase. In the bladder, it stimulates detrusor muscle contraction, increases maximal detrusor pressure, reduces bladder capacity, and relaxes the trigone and external sphincter to initiate urination and completely empty the bladder. Indicated for acute non-obstructive post-operative and postpartum urinary retention, and neurogenic bladder atony with retention.