Antiviral Formulations

Aciclovir (Acyclovir) is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue antiviral active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is converted intracellularly by viral thymidine kinase into aciclovir monophosphate, subsequently phosphorylated into aciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase and terminates viral DNA chain elongation. Indicated for genital herpes, herpes labialis (cold sores), varicella (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles).

Aciclovir (Acyclovir) is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue antiviral active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is converted intracellularly by viral thymidine kinase into aciclovir monophosphate, subsequently phosphorylated into aciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase and terminates viral DNA chain elongation. Indicated for genital herpes, herpes labialis (cold sores), varicella (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles).

Valganciclovir is an orally bioavailable L-valyl ester prodrug of ganciclovir. After absorption, it undergoes rapid conversion by esterases to ganciclovir, which is phosphorylated by viral protein kinase pUL97 and cellular kinases into ganciclovir triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase. Indicated for the induction and maintenance treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients (such as those with AIDS) and prevention of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients.

Oseltamivir Phosphate is an orally bioavailable prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, a potent and selective viral neuraminidase inhibitor on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. By inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, it prevents the release of newly formed viral progeny from infected host cells, halting the spread of infection throughout the respiratory tract. Indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute uncomplicated influenza A and B infection.

Aciclovir (Acyclovir) is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue antiviral active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is converted intracellularly by viral thymidine kinase into aciclovir monophosphate, subsequently phosphorylated into aciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase and terminates viral DNA chain elongation. Indicated for genital herpes, herpes labialis (cold sores), varicella (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles).

Valacyclovir is the L-valyl ester prodrug of aciclovir, designed for superior oral bioavailability (3- to 5-fold higher than oral aciclovir). Following rapid hepatic first-pass hydrolysis into aciclovir, it selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, halting viral replication in Herpes simplex (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Indicated for herpes zoster (shingles), episodic genital herpes flares, suppression of recurrent genital herpes, and herpes labialis.

Valacyclovir is the L-valyl ester prodrug of aciclovir, designed for superior oral bioavailability (3- to 5-fold higher than oral aciclovir). Following rapid hepatic first-pass hydrolysis into aciclovir, it selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, halting viral replication in Herpes simplex (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Indicated for herpes zoster (shingles), episodic genital herpes flares, suppression of recurrent genital herpes, and herpes labialis.

Baricitinib is an oral selective and reversible Janus kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1/JAK2) inhibitor. By inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway, it blocks signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF). In infectious diseases, it acts as an immunomodulatory antiviral adjuvant in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support, mitigating life-threatening hyperinflammatory cytokine storms. Also indicated for severe rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata.

Molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the synthetic ribonucleoside derivative N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC). In viral replication, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase misincorporates NHC triphosphate instead of cytidine or uridine, inducing widespread viral error catastrophe and rendering the virus unable to replicate. Indicated for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adult patients at high risk for progression to severe disease, hospitalization, or death.

Aciclovir (Acyclovir) is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue antiviral active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is converted intracellularly by viral thymidine kinase into aciclovir monophosphate, subsequently phosphorylated into aciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase and terminates viral DNA chain elongation. Indicated for genital herpes, herpes labialis (cold sores), varicella (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles).

Inosine Pranobex (Methisoprinol) is an antiviral and immunomodulating drug combining inosine and a salt of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol. It stimulates host cell-mediated immune responses (enhancing T-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, and IL-1/IL-2 cytokine production) while suppressing viral RNA translation. Indicated for mucocutaneous herpes simplex, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), viral respiratory tract infections, and genital warts (HPV).

Oseltamivir Phosphate is an orally bioavailable prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, a potent and selective viral neuraminidase inhibitor on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. By inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, it prevents the release of newly formed viral progeny from infected host cells, halting the spread of infection throughout the respiratory tract. Indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute uncomplicated influenza A and B infection.