Anthelmintics & Anti-Parasitic

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It acts by binding to helminth tubulin, inhibiting microtubule polymerization, and depleting glycogen reserves, leading to energy depletion and immobilization of parasites. Indicated for single and mixed nematode infestations (roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm), strongyloidiasis, neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium tapeworm larvae), and hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus).

Albendazole and Ivermectin is a synergistic broad-spectrum anthelmintic combination. Albendazole binds to helminth tubulin, blocking microtubule assembly and depleting glycogen stores, while ivermectin selectively binds glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, increasing membrane permeability and causing flaccid paralysis of the parasite. Indicated for mixed intestinal helminthiasis, lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis (pinworm), ascariasis (roundworm), and hookworm infections.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is a synthetic piperazine derivative anthelmintic and the mainstay treatment for filariasis on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It alters microfilarial surface membranes, making them vulnerable to phagocytosis by host immune cells, and paralyzes adult worms. Indicated for lymphatic filariasis (caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi), tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), and visceral larva migrans.

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone derived from Streptomyces avermitilis. It binds with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels found exclusively in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, leading to increased chloride permeability, hyperpolarization, paralysis, and death of the parasite. Indicated for strongyloidiasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), scabies (crusted or refractory), cutaneous larva migrans, and lymphatic filariasis (in combination with albendazole or DEC).

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is a synthetic piperazine derivative anthelmintic and the mainstay treatment for filariasis on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It alters microfilarial surface membranes, making them vulnerable to phagocytosis by host immune cells, and paralyzes adult worms. Indicated for lymphatic filariasis (caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi), tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), and visceral larva migrans.

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It acts by binding to helminth tubulin, inhibiting microtubule polymerization, and depleting glycogen reserves, leading to energy depletion and immobilization of parasites. Indicated for single and mixed nematode infestations (roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm), strongyloidiasis, neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium tapeworm larvae), and hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus).

Mebendazole is a synthetic broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. It binds specifically to parasitic beta-tubulin, selectively inhibiting microtubule formation in intestinal cells of helminths, leading to irreversible disruption of glucose uptake and death of the parasite. Minimal systemic absorption (<10%) ensures high concentrations within the gut lumen. Indicated for ascariasis (roundworm), trichuriasis (whipworm), enterobiasis (pinworm), and hookworm infections.

Pyrantel Pamoate is a depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking anthelmintic agent. It acts as an agonist at acetylcholine receptors on parasite muscle membranes, inducing marked, persistent depolarization and spastic paralysis of the worms, which are then expelled naturally through normal intestinal peristalsis. Indicated for enterobiasis (pinworm), ascariasis (roundworm), and hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) infections.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is a synthetic piperazine derivative anthelmintic and the mainstay treatment for filariasis on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It alters microfilarial surface membranes, making them vulnerable to phagocytosis by host immune cells, and paralyzes adult worms. Indicated for lymphatic filariasis (caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi), tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), and visceral larva migrans.

Ivermectin Cream 1% w/w is an evidence-based dermatological formulation. It acts by delivering targeted active therapeutic ingredients to cutaneous lesions to relieve skin pathology, restore barrier integrity, and manage dermatoses.

Mebendazole is a synthetic broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. It binds specifically to parasitic beta-tubulin, selectively inhibiting microtubule formation in intestinal cells of helminths, leading to irreversible disruption of glucose uptake and death of the parasite. Minimal systemic absorption (<10%) ensures high concentrations within the gut lumen. Indicated for ascariasis (roundworm), trichuriasis (whipworm), enterobiasis (pinworm), and hookworm infections.

Albendazole and Ivermectin is a synergistic broad-spectrum anthelmintic combination. Albendazole binds to helminth tubulin, blocking microtubule assembly and depleting glycogen stores, while ivermectin selectively binds glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, increasing membrane permeability and causing flaccid paralysis of the parasite. Indicated for mixed intestinal helminthiasis, lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis (pinworm), ascariasis (roundworm), and hookworm infections.