Sodiumchloride

Ringer's Lactate IV Infusion (Hartmann's Solution 500ml) is a sterile, balanced, isotonic crystalloid solution on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate in physiological concentrations approximating human extracellular fluid (osmolarity ~273 mOsm/L). Lactate ions are metabolized in the liver via gluconeogenesis and the citric acid cycle into bicarbonate ions, gently buffering metabolic acidosis without the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with normal saline. Indicated for replacement of extracellular fluid and electrolyte losses in acute hypovolemic shock, major burns, acute hemorrhage, intraoperative fluid maintenance, and surgical dehydration.

Intravenous Crystalloid Solutions (Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl, Dextrose 5%, 10%, 25%, and Dextrose-Saline DNS) is a sterile parenteral crystalloid fluid on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 0.9% NaCl expands extracellular volume; Dextrose 5% provides 170 kcal/L of carbohydrate energy and hydration; Dextrose 25% provides rapid hypertonic glucose for severe hypoglycemia. Indicated for resuscitation in hypovolemia, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis maintenance, hypoglycemia management, and vehicle for intravenous medication infusions.